Real strawberry spinach

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Real strawberry spinach
Real strawberry spinach (Blitum virgatum), fruiting

Real strawberry spinach ( Blitum virgatum ), fruiting

Systematics
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Foxtail family (Amaranthaceae)
Subfamily : Chenopodioideae
Tribe : Anserineae
Genre : Blitum
Type : Real strawberry spinach
Scientific name
Blitum virgatum
L.

The real strawberry spinach ( Blitum virgatum , syn .: Chenopodium foliosum ), also called leafy strawberry spinach , is a type of plant and old vegetable from the genus Blitum in the foxtail family (Amaranthaceae).

features

The real strawberry spinach grows as an annual plant and reaches a height of 15 to 70 centimeters. The stem is usually branched from the base. The thin branches are light green and bare. The leaves , light green on both sides, are narrow, triangular-egg-shaped, about as long or longer than the petiole, about 2 to 5 cm long and 2 to 3 cm wide, with a wedge-shaped or truncated base. The leaf margin is irregularly deeply serrated, at the base with slightly bent back teeth (in the spiked strawberry spinach the leaf margin is weakly serrated or entire). The upper leaves are shorter, lanceolate or ovate-spear-shaped, with one to four pairs of lateral teeth or with entire margins.

The real strawberry spinach flowers from June to July. In contrast to the spiked strawberry spinach, the upper clusters of flowers also have bracts . The hermaphrodite or female flowers are on short, axillary branches and form spherical or elongated spherical balls. The light green flower envelope usually consists of three tepal lobes. There are one to three stamens and an ovary with two stigmas.

During the fruiting season, from August to September, the flower envelope becomes red and fleshy, so that the flower clusters are reminiscent of strawberries from afar. The fruit inside the flower is flattened, spherical, with a membranous pericarp that lies against the seed. The vertical seed is about 1 mm in diameter, its seed coat is red-brown or black and smooth, blunt or slightly concave on the edge. The embryo is semi-circular.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.

ecology

The real strawberry spinach is a forage plant for the butterfly caterpillars of the thick-headed butterfly Pholisora ​​catullus .

Occurrence

The real strawberry spinach occurs in the mountains of northwest Africa and western Eurasia . In Germany it is tied to subatlantic tinted regions with favorable warmth and has been lost in many places.

He prefers to settle in warehouse corridors in heat-favored locations. Even in the oldest literature it is always referred to as rare. In the Central Alps it grows in nitrophilic, semi-natural storage corridors, on the coastal dunes of the Frisian Islands in association with natural elder bushes. Otherwise, one finds it on arable broke and in ruderal , to castle ruins, caves, dumps and roads dry on moderate to fresh, fertile, humus-rich soils. It is regionally a character species of the Lappulo-Asperuginetum from the association Siymbrion, but is otherwise a character species of the class Chenopodietea.

Systematics

1601 Charles de l'Écluse described the species for the first time as a berry-bearing wild message ("Atriplex sylvestris baccifera"). Caspar Bauhin called it 1623 a wild message with mulberry / raspberry-like fruits ("Atriplex sylvestris mori fructu"). The first valid description was made in 1753 by Carl von Linné under the name Blitum virgatum in Species Plantarum 1, pp. 4-5. Paul Friedrich August Ascherson placed this species in 1864 as Chenopodium foliosum in the genus Chenopodium (in: Flora der Provinz Brandenburg 1 (2), p. 572). According to recent molecular genetic studies, strawberry spinach is more closely related to the genus Spinacia than to goose feet ( Chenopodium ) in the narrower sense. Therefore, Fuentes-Bazan et al. (2012) removed it from the genus Chenopodium and put it back into the genus Blitum . This is grouped together with Spinacia in the Anserineae tribe .

Synonyms of Blitum virgatum L. are Chenopodium foliosum Asch. , Chenopodium virgatum (L.) Ambrosi (nom. Illeg.) And Morocarpus foliosus Moench (nom. Illeg.).

history

Information on its use as spinach is mostly lacking, so it can be assumed that the plant was no longer widely cultivated as early as the 19th century. While it is likely that today's very volatile occurrences are relics of an earlier cultivation, they go back to before or during the Thirty Years War .

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literature

  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 5th edition, 1983, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3
  • Martin Scheuerer: Chenopodium foliosum Asch., The real strawberry spinach in Bavaria , in: Hoppea. Memoranda of the Regensburg Botanical Society , Vol. 61, Regensburg 2000, ISSN  0340-4196
  • Gelin Zhu, Sergei L. Mosyakin & Steven E. Clemants: Chenopodiaceae : Chenopodium foliosum - online . In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 5: Ulmaceae through Basellaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-27-X , pp. 379 (English). (Section description)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Chenopodium foliosum at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  2. ^ Gaden S. Robinson, Phillip R. Ackery, Ian J. Kitching, George W. Beccaloni & Luis M. Hernández: Entry at HOSTS - A Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants
  3. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  347 .
  4. ↑ Rudolph von Fischer-Benzon: Old German garden flora - studies on the useful plants of the German Middle Ages, their migration and their prehistory in classical antiquity . Kiel, Lipsius & Tischer, 1894. pp. 130-131. on-line
  5. ↑ First description scanned at BHL
  6. ↑ Gudrun Kadereit, Evgeny V. Mavrodiev, Elizabeth H. Zacharias & Alexander P. Sukhorukov: Molecular phylogeny of Atripliceae (Chenopodioideae, Chenopodiaceae): Implications for systematics, biogeography, flower and fruit evolution, and the origin of C4 Photosynthesis , In: American Journal of Botany , Volume 97 (10), 2010, pp. 1664-1687.
  7. ↑ Susy Fuentes-Bazan, Guilhem Mansion, Thomas Borsch: Towards a species level tree of the globally diverse genus Chenopodium (Chenopodiaceae) . In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . Volume 621, 2012, pp. 359-374, doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2011.10.006 .
  8. ↑ a b Susy Fuentes-Bazan, Pertti Uotila, Thomas Borsch: A novel phylogeny-based generic classification for Chenopodium sensu lato, and a tribal rearrangement of Chenopodioideae (Chenopodiaceae) . In: Willdenowia 42, 2012, p. 17. DOI: 10.3372 / wi.42.42101

Web links

Commons : Strawberry Spinach ( Blitum virgatum )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files