Blitum
| Blitum | ||||||||||||
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Spiked strawberry spinach ( Blitum capitatum ) |
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| Blitum | ||||||||||||
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Blitum is a genus of plants from the subfamily Chenopodioideae in the foxtail family(Amaranthaceae). It is closely related to the genus spinach . Some of their species werecountedto the goosefoot ( Chenopodium ) or to the genus Monolepis until 2012.
description
Blitum species are annual or perennial herbaceous plants without an aromatic scent. Their surface is bare, sometimes covered with blister hair and sticky when young. The mostly numerous stems grow upright, ascending or spread out and are not or only slightly branched.
The alternate, simple, stalked leaves often form a rosette of long-stalked leaves near the ground. The thin or slightly succulent leaf blade can be triangular, triangular-spear-shaped, triangular-lanceolate or spatula-shaped, the leaf margin is smooth or toothed.
The flowers usually sit in compact, ball- shaped partial inflorescences, which are arranged in pseudo-eared inflorescences . Bracts are either absent or they are small and leaf-like. The hermaphroditic or all female flowers have (a) three to five herbaceous, ungekielte bloom , which are fused to each other either at the base or to about the middle. Occasionally, the flower envelope can also be missing. In hermaphrodite flowers there is a circle with one to five stamens . The carpels are fused into an upper ovary with two to four scars.
At the time of fruiting, the flower envelope encloses the fruit and becomes either fleshy or dry and hard. The membranous pericarp adheres to the seed coat. The vertically oriented seed is broadly ovate to spherical with a dark brown or black seed coat.
Occurrence
The species of the genus Blitum occur in Asia , Europe , North Africa , America and Australia (see distribution information in the species list).
Systematics
The genus Blitum was established in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , Volume 2, p. 4. The type species is Blitum capitatum L. Later, the species were long assigned to Chenopodium and considered as a subgenus Chenopodium subgenus Blitum . According to molecular genetic studies, however, they are more related to Spinacia and do not belong to Chenopodium . Therefore, they were used by Fuentes-Bazan et al. (2012) separated as a separate genus Blitum and grouped together with Spinacia in the Anserineae tribe .
Synonyms for Blitum L. are Morocarpus Boehmer (nom. Illeg.), Chenopodium sect. Blitum (L.) Benth. & Hook. f. , Chenopodium sect. Eublitum Aellen , Chenopodium subg. Blitum (L.) Hiitonen , Anserina Dumort. , Agathophytum Moq. (nom. illeg.), Orthosporum subg. Agathophytum T. Nees , Chenopodium sect. Agathophytum (T. Nees) Benth. & Hook. f. , Monolepis Schrad. , Scleroblitum Ulbr. , Chenopodium sect. Atriplicina Aellen and Chenopodium [without rank] Californica Standl.
According to Fuentes-Bazan (2012), the genus Blitum comprises about twelve species:
- Blitum asiaticum (Fisch. & CA Mey.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch (Syn. Monolepis asiatica Fisch. & CA Mey. ): The species occurs in northeastern Russia in Sakha and the Khabarovsk region.
- Blitum atriplicinum F. Muell. (Syn. Scleroblitum atriplicinum (F. Muell.) Ulbr. ): The species is common in Australia .
- Good Heinrich ( Blitum bonus-henricus (L.) Rchb. , Syn. Chenopodium bonus-henricus L. ): It is widespread in Europe and is also native to Germany , Austria and Switzerland .
- Blitum californicum S. Watson (Syn. Chenopodium californicum ( S. Watson ) S. Watson ): The species occurs in California and Mexico .
- Speared strawberry spinach ( Blitum capitatum L. , Syn. Chenopodium capitatum (L.) Ambrosi ): It is native to North America , naturalized it also grows in Europe.
- Blitum hastatum Rydb. (Syn. Chenopodium capitatum var. Parvicapitatum Welsh ): The species is native to North America.
- Blitum korshinskyi Litv. (Syn. Chenopodium korshinskyi (litv.) Minkw. ): The species occurs in Tajikistan .
- Blitum litwinowii (Paulsen) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch (Syn. Monolepis litwinowii Paulsen , Chenopodium litwinowii (Paulsen) Uotila ): The species occurs in Afghanistan and Tajikistan .
- Blitum nuttallianum Schult. (Syn. Monolepis nuttalliana (Schult.) Greene , Chenopodium trifidum Trev. ): The species grows in North America and Argentina .
- Blitum petiolare Link (Syn. Chenopodium exsuccum (C. Loscos) Uotila ): The species is native to North Africa , Portugal and Spain and is also introduced in Sweden .
- Blitum spathulatum (A. Gray) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch (Syn. Monolepis spathulata A. Gray ): The species is native to southern North America and is also introduced in Australia .
- Real strawberry spinach ( Blitum virgatum L. , Syn. Chenopodium foliosum Asch. ): It is native to Europe and Asia, it is also found in North America when introduced.
swell
- Susy Fuentes-Bazan, Pertti Uotila, Thomas Borsch: A novel phylogeny-based generic classification for Chenopodium sensu lato, and a tribal rearrangement of Chenopodioideae (Chenopodiaceae) . In: Willdenowia 42, 2012, pp. 16-18. DOI: 10.3372 / wi.42.42101
Individual evidence
- ↑ First description scanned at BHL
- ↑ Blitum asiaticum in GRIN
- ↑ Blitum atriplicinum in GRIN
- ↑ Blitum bonus-henricus at GRIN
- ↑ Blitum californicum at GRIN
- ↑ Blitum capitatum in GRIN
- ↑ Blitum hastatum in GRIN
- ↑ Blitum korshinskyi in GRIN
- ↑ Blitum litwinowii in GRIN
- ↑ Blitum nuttallianum in GRIN
- ↑ Blitum petiolare in GRIN
- ↑ Blitum spathulatum in GRIN
- ↑ Blitum virgatum in GRIN
