Chenopodioideae

Chenopodioideae
	Red goosefoot ( Oxybasis rubra )
Systematics
Class :	Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
	Eudicotyledons
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order :	Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family :	Foxtail family (Amaranthaceae)
Subfamily :	Chenopodioideae
Scientific name
	Chenopodioideae
	Burnett

Anserineae tribe: real spinach ( Spinacia oleracea )

Tribus Anserineae: Good Heinrich ( Blitum bonus-henricus )

Atripliceae tribe: Grayia spinosa

Atripliceae tribe: Chenopodium spinescens

Tribe Axyrideae: Krascheninnikovia lanata

Tribe Dysphanieae: Dysphania carinata

The Chenopodioideae are a subfamily in the foxtail family (Amaranthaceae).

description

Among the chenopodioideae include annual and perennial herbaceous plants , half-shrubs , shrubs or small trees . The leaves are mostly alternate and flat.

Unisexual flowers are common. Many species are single sexed ( monoecious ) or have mixed inflorescences of hermaphrodite and unisexual flowers; dioeciously separated sexes ( dioecious ) are Spinacia , Rhagodia , Grayia , Exomis and Atriplex . The female flowers of many Atripliceae usually lack the perianth, but they are two continue reading enveloped (Brakteolen). Types with an inflorescence have up to five perianth leaves . The seed is horizontal or vertical, with a ring-shaped or horseshoe-shaped embryo .

distribution

The Chenopodioideae are distributed worldwide, the roots of the subfamily are in Eurasia .

Systematics

The genera of this subfamily were previously placed in the goosefoot family (Chenopodiaceae).

The subfamily Chenopodioideae is named after Fuentes-Bazan et al. (2012) divided into four tribes and contains about 26 genera:

Tribe Anserineae Dumort. With the two genera:
- Spinach ( Spinacia L. ): With three types in North Africa and the Middle East, for example:
  - Real spinach ( Spinacia oleracea L. )
- Blitum L. with about 12 species almost worldwide, for example:
  - Spiked strawberry spinach ( Blitum capitatum L. , Syn .: Chenopodium capitatum (L.) Asch. )
  - Good Heinrich ( Blitum bonus-henricus (L.) Rchb. , Syn .: Chenopodium bonus-henricus L. )
  - Real strawberry spinach ( Blitum virgatum L. , Syn .: Chenopodium foliosum Asch. )

Tribe Atripliceae C.A.Mey. (Syn. Chenopodieae Dumort. ) Fuentes-Bazan et al. (2012) also classified the goosefoot and divided it into several genera.
- Archiatriplex G.L.Chu : With the only species:
  - Archiatriplex nanpinensis G.L.Chu : It is endemic to the Chinese province of Sichuan, occurs there only in the northern part in Nanping and thrives there between shrubs, on shrubby slopes, on the banks of rivers and near farms at altitudes of around 2100 meters.
- Report ( Atriplex L. , Syn .: Blackiella Aellen , Cremnophyton Brullo & Pavone , Haloxanthium Ulbr. , Neopreissia Ulbr. , Obione Gaertn. , Pachypharynx Aellen , Senniella Aellen , Theleophyton (Hook. F.) Moq. ): With about 300 species worldwide.
- Baolia H.W. Kung & GLChu : With the only kind:
  - Baolia bracteata H.W. Kung & GLChu : It is endemic to the Chinese province of Gansu , occurs there only in the southern part in Têwo and thrives on sunny, steppe-like slopes at altitudes of around 1900 meters.
- Chenopodiastrum S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch,: with five species, for example:
  - Bastard goosefoot ( Chenopodiastrum hybridum (L.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch , Syn.Chenopodium hybridum L. )
  - Wall goosefoot ( Chenopodiastrum murale (L.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch , Syn.Chenopodium murale L. )
- Goosefoot ( Chenopodium L. sensu strictu, including Einadia Raf. And Rhagodia R.Br. ): With around 80 species worldwide.
- Exomis Fenzl ex Moq. : With the only kind:
  - Exomis microphylla (Thunb.) Aellen : It is a subshrub in southern and western Africa and grows in gardens and hedges.
- Extriplex E.H.Zacharias : With two species in western North America :
  - Extriplex californica (Moq.) EHZacharias (Syn .: Atriplex californica Moq. )
  - Extriplex joaquinana (A.Nelson) EHZacharias (Syn .: Atriplex joaquinana A.Nelson )
- Grayia Hook. & Arn. (Syn .: Zuckia Standl. ): With about four shrubby species in western North America.
  - Grayia arizonica (Standl.) EHZacharias
  - Grayia brandegeei A. Gray
  - Grayia plummeri (Stutz & SCSand.) EHZacharias
  - Grayia spinosa (Hook.) Moq.
- Keilmelden ( Halimione Aellen ): With three species in Europe and the Middle East :
  - Stalked wedge muzzle ( Halimione pedunculata (L.) Aellen , Syn .: Atriplex pedunculata L. )
  - Purslane wedge-head ( Halimione portulacoides (L.) Aellen , Syn .: Atriplex portulacoides L. )
  - Halimione verrucifera (M.Bieb.) Aellen (Syn .: Atriplex verrucifera M.Bieb. )
- Holmbergia Hicken : With the only species:
  - Holmbergia tweedii (Moq.) Speg. : It is a shrub found in Bolivia , Paraguay and Argentina .
- Lipandra Moq. : With the only kind:
  - Many-seeded goosefoot ( Lipandra polysperma (L.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch , Syn .: Chenopodium polyspermum L. )
- Manochlamys Aellen : With the only species:
  - Manochlamys albicans Aellen : This subshrub occurs in southern Africa in Namibia and the South African Cape Province . Its habitat are rocky and sandy slopes, sand dunes and roadsides.
- Microgynoecium Hook.f. : With the only kind:
  - Microgynoecium tibeticum Hook.f. : It occurs in Tibet and Sikkim and grows in alpine meadows and in disturbed places.
- Micromonolepis ulbr. : With the only kind:
  - Micromonolepis pusilla (Torr. Ex S. Watson) Ulbr. : It occurs in western North America.
- Oxy base Kar. & Kir. : With five types, for example:
  - Thick-leaved goosefoot ( Oxybasis chenopodioides (L.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch , Syn .: Chenopodium chenopodioides (L.) Aellen )
  - Gray-green goosefoot ( Oxybasis glauca (L.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch , Syn .: Chenopodium glaucum L. )
  - Red goose foot ( Oxybasis rubra (L.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch , Syn .: Chenopodium rubrum L. )
  - Street goose foot ( Oxybasis urbica (L.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch , Syn .: Chenopodium urbicum L. )
- Proatriplex (WAWeber) Stutz & GLChu : With the only kind:
  - Proatriplex pleiantha (WAWeber) Stutz & GLChu : The annual species occurs in western North America.
- Stutzia E.H.Zacharias (Syn. Endolepis Torr. Nom. Illeg.): With two annual species in western North America
  - Stutzia covillei (standl.) EHZacharias (syn .: Endolepis covillei standl . )
  - Stutzia dioica (Nutt.) EHZacharias (Syn .: Kochia dioica Nutt. , Endolepis suckleyi Torr. , Endolepis ovata Rydb. )

Tribe Axyrideae (Heklau) G.Kadereit & A.Sukhor. , with a characteristic hairiness of star hair, with three genera:
- Axyris L .: With about six species in Central Asia , the Himalayas and western China.
- Ceratocarpus L .: With two kinds in Eastern Europe and Western Asia .
- Hornmelden ( Krascheninnikovia Gueldenst. ): With about eight species in Eurasia and North America, for example:
  - European horned horn ( Krascheninnikovia ceratoides (L.) Gueldenst. )

Tribe Dysphanieae :
- Cycloloma Moq. , (Syn .: Cyclolepis Moquin-Tandon ): With the only species:
  - Cycloloma atriplicifolium (Sprengel) JMCoulter : It is widespread in Canada , the United States and northern Mexico .
- Goosefoot ( Dysphania R.Br. ): With about 42 species worldwide, for example:
  - Mexican goosefoot , also epazote ( Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants )
  - Worm Seed Goosefoot ( Dysphania anthelmintica (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants )
  - Sticky goosefoot ( Dysphania botrys (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants )
  - Australian goosefoot ( Dysphania pumilio (R.Br.) Mosyakin & Clemants )
  - Schrader's goosefoot ( Dysphania schraderiana (Schult.) Mosyakin & Clemants )
- Suckleya A.Gray : With the only kind:
  - Suckleya suckleyana (Torr.) Rydb. : This succulent annual species occurs in western North America.
- Teloxys Moq. : With the only kind:
  - Teloxys aristata (L.) Moq. (Syn .: Chenopodium aristatum L. ): It is native to Eastern Europe and temperate Asia and grows naturalized in Eastern Asia, parts of Central and Southern Europe (Hungary, Italy) and northeastern North America.

swell

literature

Susy Fuentes-Bazan, Pertti Uotila, Thomas Borsch: A novel phylogeny-based generic classification for Chenopodium sensu lato, and a tribal rearrangement of Chenopodioideae (Chenopodiaceae). In: Willdenowia. Volume 42, No. 1, 2012, pp. 5-24. DOI: 10.3372 / wi.42.42101
Gudrun Kadereit, Evgeny V. Mavrodiev, Elizabeth H. Zacharias & Alexander P. Sukhorukov: Molecular phylogeny of Atripliceae (Chenopodioideae, Chenopodiaceae): Implications for systematics, biogeography, flower and fruit evolution, and the origin of C4 Photosynthesis , In: American Journal of Botany , Volume 97 (10), 2010, pp. 1664-1687.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Susy Fuentes-Bazan, Pertti Uotila, Thomas Borsch: A novel phylogeny-based generic classification for Chenopodium sensu lato, and a tribal rearrangement of Chenopodioideae (Chenopodiaceae). In: Willdenowia. Volume 42, No. 1, 2012, pp. 13-19. DOI: 10.3372 / wi.42.42101
↑ Gelin Zhu, Sergei L. Mosyakin & Steven E. Clemants: Chenopodiaceae : Archiatriplex , p. 360 - Online , In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China , Volume 5: Ulmaceae through Basellaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-27-X .
↑ Gelin Zhu, Sergei L. Mosyakin & Steven E. Clemants: Chenopodiaceae : Baolia , p. 375 - Online , In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China , Volume 5: Ulmaceae through Basellaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-27-X .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Elizabeth H. Zacharias, Bruce G. Baldwin: A Molecular Phylogeny of North American Atripliceae (Chenopodiaceae), with Implications for Floral and Photosynthetic Pathway Evolution . In: Systematic Botany 35 (4), 2010, pp. 839-857. doi : 10.1600 / 036364410X539907
↑ Sergei L. Mosyakin: Cycloloma : Cycloloma , pp. 264–265 - Online , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 4: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1. , Oxford University Press, New York et al. 2003, ISBN 0-19-517389-9 .

Web links

Commons : Chenopodioideae - collection of images, videos and audio files

[Fuentes_2012-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Susy Fuentes-Bazan, Pertti Uotila, Thomas Borsch: A novel phylogeny-based generic classification for Chenopodium sensu lato, and a tribal rearrangement of Chenopodioideae (Chenopodiaceae). In: Willdenowia. Volume 42, No. 1, 2012, pp. 13-19. DOI: 10.3372 / wi.42.42101

[2] Gelin Zhu, Sergei L. Mosyakin & Steven E. Clemants: Chenopodiaceae : Archiatriplex , p. 360 - Online , In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China , Volume 5: Ulmaceae through Basellaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-27-X .

[3] Gelin Zhu, Sergei L. Mosyakin & Steven E. Clemants: Chenopodiaceae : Baolia , p. 375 - Online , In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China , Volume 5: Ulmaceae through Basellaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-27-X .

[Zacharias-4] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Elizabeth H. Zacharias, Bruce G. Baldwin: A Molecular Phylogeny of North American Atripliceae (Chenopodiaceae), with Implications for Floral and Photosynthetic Pathway Evolution . In: Systematic Botany 35 (4), 2010, pp. 839-857. doi : 10.1600 / 036364410X539907

[5] Sergei L. Mosyakin: Cycloloma : Cycloloma , pp. 264–265 - Online , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 4: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1. , Oxford University Press, New York et al. 2003, ISBN 0-19-517389-9 .