Thick-leaved goosefoot
| Thick-leaved goosefoot | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Thick-leaved goosefoot ( Oxybasis chenopodioides ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Oxy base chenopodioides | ||||||||||||
| ( L. ) S. Fuentes , Uotila & Borsch |
The thick-leaved goosefoot ( Oxybasis chenopodioides , Syn .: Chenopodium chenopodioides ), also called thick- leaved goosefoot or salt-red goosefoot , is a plant species native to Central Europe in the foxtail family (Amaranthaceae). It occurs in Europe, North Africa and Asia, also as an introduced species in North and South America.
description
Vegetative characteristics
The thick-leaved goosefoot is an annual herbaceous plant with heights of 5 to 50 cm. The upright or prostrate-ascending, branched stems are green striped and ribbed and mostly bare.
The leaves are green on top and darker green on the underside, are somewhat fleshy and glabrous or slightly floury. The leaf blade is broadly triangular, with two skewer corners and usually 3 to 4 cm (up to 6 cm) long and wide. The leaf margin is entire or slightly serrated. The leaf base is narrowed in a wedge shape towards the petiole.
Inflorescence and flower
The inflorescence consists of ball- shaped partial inflorescences that come together to form lateral branched false spikes . The bracts are elongated-lanceolate to linear and up to 1.5 cm long. The bare, green, almost spherical flower clusters with a diameter of 3 to 4 mm consist of a terminal hermaphrodite flower with four to five bracts and as many stamens as well as lateral female flowers. The bracts of the lateral flowers are fused almost to the tip and enclose the fruit like a sack. At the top they end in two to four differently large, fleshy, arched lobes (up to 0.5 mm in length and 0.4 mm in width), which are clearly keeled on the back. The ovary bears two scars.
Fruit and seeds
The fruit, which is enclosed by the flower cover, is egg-shaped; the pericarp, dotted like a net, does not lie against the seed. The seed is horizontal in the terminal flower and vertical in the side flowers. The flattened egg-shaped seed has a diameter of 0.5 to 0.9 mm, with a blunt rounded edge. The seed coat is dark brown-red to black and smooth to slightly dotted. The embryo is ring-shaped.
The flowering period extends from August to October. Pollination is usually done by the wind.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.
Occurrence and endangerment
The natural range of the thick-leaved goosefoot extends from Europe through North Africa and West and Central Asia to the Chinese Xinjiang. It is also found in North and South America, where it is believed to have been introduced.
The species grows in Central Europe on the sea coasts on silt and sandy soils, for example in the summer-dry sand floodplain ( Thero-Suaedion ) or in short-lived salt -soil communities ( Puccinellio-Spergularion ). According to Oberdorfer, it thrives in the Chenopodietum rubri from the Chenopodion rubri association. They can also be found inland at so-called inland salt stations . It occurs on moist, very nutrient-rich and often salty soils and only extends up to the colline altitude .
It is considered a pointer plant for excessive nitrogen abundance in the soil.
In Germany, the thick-leaved goosefoot is not endangered nationwide. In Schleswig-Holstein , Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and Thuringia , however, it is on the Red List of Endangered Species as threatened with extinction, in Saxony-Anhalt it is potentially endangered due to its rarity.
In Austria it is limited to the Seewinkel ( Burgenland ) and the Marchtal ( Lower Austria ).
Systematics
Oxybasis chenopodioides (L.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch belongs to the tribe Atripliceae in the subfamily Chenopodioideae within the family Amaranthaceae .
The first description of this species was in 1771 by Carl von Linné under the name Blitum chenopodioides L. (in Mantissa Plantarum 2, p. 170). Paul Aellen placed it in 1933 as Chenopodium chenopodioides in the genus Chenopodium (in Ostenia, Festschr. Osten. 98). Due to taxonomic uncertainties, the species was temporarily assigned to Chenopodium botryodes Sm . According to a work by Uotila (2001), however, the long-used name Chenopodium chenopodioides is correct. Molecular genetic studies revealed that the species does not belong to Chenopodium in the narrower sense. Therefore, it was placed in the genus Oxybasis by Suzy Fuentes-Bazan , Pertti Uotila and Thomas Borsch in 2012 (in Willdenowia 42, 2012, pp. 15-16.).
Synonyms are Blitum chenopodioides L. , Chenopodium chenopodioides (L.) Aellen , Chenopodium botryodes Sm. , Chenopodium crassifolium auct. (non Hornem. ), Oxybasis minutiflora Kar. & Kir. ,, Chenopodium rubrum subsp. botryodes (Sm.) Hook.f. and Chenopodium rubrum subsp. crassifolium (Hornem.) Maire. In "The Plant List", Blitum botryoides (Sm.) Drejer , Blitum rubrum var. Crassifolium Moq. , Chenopodium album subsp. concatenatum (Thuill.) Asch. & Graebn. , Chenopodium astrachanicum Ledeb. , Chenopodium concatenatum Thuill. , Chenopodium humifusum putty. (nom. illeg.) and Chenopodium rubrum var. botryoides Asch. & Graebn. given as synonyms.
supporting documents
- Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (= The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 , pp. 89 . (Sections Description, Occurrence)
- Steven E. Clemants & Sergei L. Mosyakin: Chenopodium chenopodioides - online . In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 4: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2003, ISBN 0-19-517389-9 , pp. 282 (English). (Sections Description, Occurrence)
- Gelin Zhu, Sergei L. Mosyakin & Steven E. Clemants: Chenopodium chenopodioides - online . In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 5: Ulmaceae through Basellaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-27-X , pp. 380 (English). (Sections Description, Occurrence)
- Manfred A. Fischer , Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
- Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive (CD-Rom), Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2001/2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Susy Fuentes-Bazan, Pertti Uotila, Thomas Borsch: A novel phylogeny-based generic classification for Chenopodium sensu lato, and a tribal rearrangement of Chenopodioideae (Chenopodiaceae) . In: Willdenowia 42, 2012, pp. 15-16. DOI: 10.3372 / wi.42.42101
- ↑ Botanik im Bild / Flora of Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol
- ↑ Thick-leaved goosefoot at BiolFlor
- ↑ a b Entry in Tropicos , accessed January 27, 2012
- ^ Oxybasis chenopodioides from GRIN , accessed July 4, 2013
- ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 347 .
- ↑ a b Thick-leaved goosefoot. In: FloraWeb.de.
- ↑ Pertti Uotila: Taxonomic and Nomenclatural Notes on Chenopodium (Chenopodiaceae) for Flora Nordica. Ann. Bot. Fennici, Vol. 38, 2001, pp. 95-97. ISSN 0003-455X , (pdf; 47 kB)
- ↑ Pertti Uotila, 2011: Chenopodiaceae (pro parte majore): Chenopodium chenopodioides - In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
- ^ Entry in The Plant List , accessed January 27, 2012.
