Worm Seed Goosefoot
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Worm Seed Goosefoot ( Dysphania anthelmintica ) |
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| ( L. ) Mosyakin & Clemants |
The worm seed goose foot ( Dysphania anthelmintica ), also called American wormwort , is a species of the foxtail family (Amaranthaceae). This intensely smelling plant is used as a medicinal plant.
description
Vegetative characteristics
According to Iamonico (2011), the worm seed goosefoot is a perennial shrub ( erroneously described as an annual plant in the Flora of North America ) with a height of 0.4 to 1 m and an area of 1 to 2 m 2 . It is more or less densely covered with glandular hair and gives off an intense, unpleasant odor. The upright or ascending, green or reddish stem is branched.
The lower leaves are stalked and reach a length of 5 to 7 cm and a width of 1.5 to 3 cm. The leaf blade is ovate to lanceolate, pointed at the end, with a wedge-shaped base and mostly serrated, more rarely ciliated leaf margin. The upper leaves are sessile and smaller (up to 4 cm long and 1 cm wide).
Inflorescence and flower
The inflorescence is always composed of numerous terminal and lateral, about 3 to 8 cm long false spikes . The flowers are in spherical clusters 1.5 to 3.3 mm in diameter. In contrast to the Mexican goose foot , the bracts are absent or only up to 2.2 mm long, shorter or at most as long as the tangles, linear and pointed.
The perianth consists of five tepals that are fused together up to half of their length . With a length of 0.7 mm they are egg-shaped with a blunt tip, rounded on the back and glabrous. There are five stamens and three stigmas.
The flowering period extends from August to October (in Italy).
Fruit and seeds
At the time of fruiting, the flower envelope surrounds the egg-shaped fruit with a diameter of 1 to 1.5 mm. The smooth, glandular pericarp does not lie against the seed. The reddish-brown, often vertical (rarely horizontal) seed is egg-shaped and reaches a height of 0.7 to 1 mm and a diameter of 0.5 to 0.9 mm. The seed coat is smooth.
Photosynthetic pathway
The worm seed goosefoot is a C 3 plant with normal leaf anatomy .
ingredients
The leaves and seeds contain an essential oil with the main ingredient ascaridol , a monoterpene peroxide .
Occurrence
The worm seed glandular pod is common in North America (northeastern, southeastern and southern USA , Mexico ) and in the Caribbean . It is one of the most common species along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts and is believed to be native there. It populates sand dunes, pine forests, meadows, roadsides and ruderal locations up to an altitude of 1100 meters.
Cultivated and naturalized, this frost-sensitive species also occurs in other warm-temperate regions. In Italy ( Lazio region ), according to Iamonica (2011), it is now considered a naturalized neophyte . There it grows on dry wasteland, on embankments and roadsides. It needs warmth, dryness and full sun. An occurrence in central and southern Europe in disturbed places is to be expected, but requires further investigation.
In Germany, the worm seed glandular foot was found inconsistently as an adventitious plant in the state of Hamburg .
Systematics
Dysphania anthelmintica belongs within the genus Dysphania to the section Adenois (Moq.) Mosyakin & Clemants . It is closely related to the Mexican goosefoot ( Dysphania ambrosioides ).
The first publication was made of this kind in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus under the name Chenopodium anthelminticum in Species Plantarum , Volume 1, page 220. It was in 2002 by Sergei Mosyakin and Steven Clemants in the genre Dysphania asked (in Ukrajins'kyj Botaničnyj Žurnal , Volume 59 (4), p. 382).
Synonyms for Dysphania anthelmintica (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants are: Ambrina ambrosioides var. Anthelmintica (L.) Moldenke , Ambrina anthelmintica (L.) Spach , Atriplex anthelmintica (L.) Crantz , Botrys anthelmintica (L.) Nieuwl. , Chenopodium ambrosioides var. Anthelminticum (L.) A. Gray , Chenopodium ambrosioides var. Anthelminticum (L.) Aellen (comb. Superfl.), Chenopodium anthelminticum L. and Roubieva anthelmintica (L.) Hook. & Arn.
use
Medicinal plant
The worm seed goose foot is used as a medicinal plant in many ways. Its seeds, which are particularly rich in ascaridol, or the essential oil (Oleum Chenopodii) obtained from them have been used in folk medicine for centuries as a worming agent and are also effective against dysentery ( dysentery ). Because of the toxicity of the essential oil, this treatment should be carried out under medical supervision and not on pregnant women.
An infusion of the leaves is used for digestive problems, gas, colic or stomach pain ( carminative ). It is also effective against coughs (anti- asthmatic ). Externally as an envelope, it is used for hemorrhoids , insect bites or snakebites and for wound healing. It has a pain relieving effect ( analgesic ) and against fungal diseases (antifungal). Other uses are menstrual disorders and for sweating ( diaphoretic ).
The plant can cause dermatitis or other allergic reactions .
This species is used in homeopathy under the name Chenopodium anthelminticum .
Other uses
The plant has an insecticidal effect and is used against bed bugs . It also serves as a coloring plant .
swell
- Steven E. Clemants & Sergei L. Mosyakin: Dysphania anthelmintica , p. 270 - online with the same text as the printed work . In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 4: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2003, ISBN 0-19-517389-9 (English). (Sections description, occurrence, systematics)
- Duilio Iamonico: Dysphania anthelmintica (Amaranthaceae), new to the nonnative Flora of Italy, and taxonomic considerations on the related species . In: Hacquetia , Volume 10/1, 2011, doi : 10.2478 / v10028-011-0002-x , pp. 41-48. (Sections Description, Occurrence)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Karl Peter Buttler , Michael Thieme u. a .: Flora List of Germany - Vascular Plants , Version 3 (August 2011) , accessed on December 8, 2011
- ↑ Trivial names at MMPND
- ↑ Gudrun Kadereit, Evgeny V. Mavrodiev, Elizabeth H. Zacharias, Alexander P. Sukhorukov: Molecular phylogeny of Atripliceae (Chenopodioideae, Chenopodiaceae): Implications for systematics, biogeography, flower and fruit evolution, and the origin of C4 Photosynthesis . In: American Journal of Botany , Volume 97, No. 10, 2010, pp. 1664-1687.
- ↑ Valery Dembitsky, Ilya Shkrob, Lumir Ondrej Hanus: Ascaridole and related peroxides from the genus Chenopodium . In: Biomedical Papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacky, Olomouc Czech Repub , Volume 152 (2), 2008, pp. 209-215. PDF file
- ↑ First publication scanned at Biodiversity Heritage Library
- ^ Dysphania anthelmintica at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ a b c d Trivial names and applications in Liber Herbarum
- ↑ a b c Entry in Plants For A Future , accessed December 8, 2011.
- ↑ entry in Webhomeopath.com .
Web links
- Gerhard Madaus : Textbook of Biological Remedies , 1938 online at Henriette's Herbal