Australian goosefoot

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Australian goosefoot
Dysphania pumilio 2.JPG

Australian goosefoot ( Dysphania pumilio )

Systematics
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Foxtail family (Amaranthaceae)
Subfamily : Chenopodioideae
Tribe : Dysphanieae
Genre : Goosefoot ( Dysphania )
Type : Australian goosefoot
Scientific name
Dysphania pumilio
( R.Br. ) Mosyakin & Clemants
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Australian goose foot ( Dysphania pumilio ), also known as Australian goose foot or Australian goose foot , is a species of plant in the foxtail family (Amaranthaceae).

description

Vegetative characteristics

The rhombic-egg-shaped, lobed leaves are especially glandular underneath.

The Australian goosefoot is an annual herbaceous plant that is covered with curved, single-row multicellular hair and short-stalked yellowish glandular hairs and exudes an unpleasant mint-like odor. The prostrate or upwardly curved stem is 10 to 80 cm long and branches from the base with prostrate or ascending branches. The alternate leaves are stalked 0.3 to 1.5 cm long. The pale green leaf blade, which is particularly hairy on the underside, reaches a length of 0.5 to 3 (to 4) cm and a width of 0.3 to 1.5 cm. The shape of the blade is elliptical to elongated egg-shaped with three to four rounded lobes on both sides, wedge-shaped at the base and rounded at the tip.

Inflorescence and flower

The flower clusters sit in the axils of the leaves.

The inflorescences are composed of densely clustered zymous partial inflorescences of four to nine flowers located in the leaf axils . The leaf-like bracts with a length of 3 to 4.5 mm protrude above the flower clusters, they are elliptical with a serrated edge and a blunt tip. The hermaphroditic flowers have an envelope of five initially green tepals that are almost separated to the base . With a length of about 0.6 to 0.7 mm and a width of 0.2 to 0.3 mm, they are narrowly elliptical to narrowly elongated, rounded on the back and loose glandular hair. Usually only one or two stamens are present, sometimes they are not developed. The upper ovary bears two scars.

The flowering period extends from June to September. Pollination is usually done by the wind.

Fruit and seeds

At the time of fruiting, the perianth hardens and becomes whitish, the fruit is visible between the tepals. The membranous, somewhat wrinkled pericarp rests against the seed. The reddish-brown to reddish-black, vertical seed is egg-shaped with a diameter of 0.5 to 0.7 mm and keeled to rounded on the edge. The seed coat is smooth.

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes given in several studies was 2n = 18. Once 2n = 16 were found.

Photosynthetic pathway

The Australian goosefoot is a C 3 plant with normal leaf anatomy .

ecology

The Australian goosefoot is a food plant for the ground bug "Rutherglen Bug" ( Nysius vinitor ).

Occurrence

Occurrence at the edge of a sand biotope, Babenhausen, South Hesse
Ruderal occurrence in a pavement crack in Vienna.

Dysphania pumilio is native to Australia , as well as Tasmania and New Zealand . As an introduced species it also occurs in temperate, subtropical and arid regions of other continents, for example in Asia ( Japan , Iran ) in southern Africa , North America ( USA ) and South America ( Argentina ). In Europe it is widespread, as he is naturalized in the Benelux countries , Germany , Austria , Czech Republic , Hungary , Spain , Portugal and in the Ukraine .

The Australian goose foot was introduced into Germany around 1890 and is now a naturalized neophyte . It grows on dry river banks in river reporting corridors (in the system of plant sociology: Association Chenopodion rubri). It can also be found in short-lived ruderal vegetation at train stations, rubble sites or paths (class Sisymbrietea officinalis). As a warmth-loving species, it thrives in full sun on dry, very nutrient-rich, sandy-gravelly soils.

Systematics

Dysphania pumilio belongs within the genus Dysphania to the Orthospora (R.Br.) Mosyakin & Clemants section .

It was first published in 1810 by Robert Brown under the name Chenopodium pumilio in Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae , p. 407.Sergei Mosyakin and Steven Clemants placed this species in 2002 as Dysphania pumilio in the genus Dysphania (in Ukrajins'kyj Botaničnyj Žurnal , volume 59 (4 ), P. 382).

Synonyms for Dysphania pumilio (R.Br.) Mosyakin & Clemants are Ambrina pumilio Moq. , Blitum pumilio (R.Br.) CAMey. , Chenopodium glandulosum (Moq.) F. Muell. , Chenopodium pumilio R.Br. and Teloxys pumilio (R.Br.) WAWeber . According to the Flora of North America, this species has often been incorrectly referred to as Chenopodium carinatum .

Economical meaning

The Australian goose foot is considered a weed in pastureland, gardens and fields in Australia . It produces a toxin that reduces the germination and growth of crops. Under certain conditions it can cause hydrocyanic acid poisoning in grazing sheep , while cattle are hardly affected by it.

literature

  • Steven E. Clemants & Sergei L. Mosyakin: Dysphania pumilio , p. 274 - the same text online as the printed work . In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 4: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2003, ISBN 0-19-517389-9 (English). (Sections description, occurrence, systematics)
  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 , pp. 87 . (Section description)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Botany in the picture. Flora of Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol
  2. ↑ a b Chenopodium pumilio at BiolFlor
  3. ↑ Chenopodium pumilio , chromosome number at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  4. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 5th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1983, ISBN 3-8001-3429-2 , pp. 342 .
  5. ↑ Gudrun Kadereit, Evgeny V. Mavrodiev, Elizabeth H. Zacharias, Alexander P. Sukhorukov: Molecular phylogeny of Atripliceae (Chenopodioideae, Chenopodiaceae): Implications for systematics, biogeography, flower and fruit evolution, and the origin of C4 Photosynthesis . In: American Journal of Botany , Volume 97, No. 10, 2010, pp. 1664-1687.
  6. ↑ a b Entry on Herbiguide
  7. ^ Dysphania pumilio in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved December 6, 2011.
  8. ^ Pertti Uotila: Chenopodiaceae (pro parte majore) . - In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Dysphania pumilio . 2011. Entry at Euro + Med Plantbase , accessed on December 6, 2011.
  9. ↑ First publication scanned at Biodiversity Heritage Library
  10. ↑ Entry in The Plant List

Web links

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