Stutzia
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| EH Zacharias |
Stutzia is a genus of plants from the subfamily Chenopodioideae in the foxtail family(Amaranthaceae). It was described in 2010to replacethe invalid name Endolepis . It contains two species from western North America , which were previously also part of the genus Atriplex .
description
Appearance and leaves
The Stutzia species are annual herbaceous plants that grow upright or spread out and reach heights and widths of 3 to 50 centimeters. Young plants are weakly scaly to floury, the older ones are bald. The shoot axes are branched from the base with ascending or spreading branches. Older branches have whitish bark.
The numerous, alternate leaves can be sessile or stalked. Their green, fleshy leaf blades are 7 to 50 millimeters long and 2 to 30 millimeters wide, triangular-spear-shaped, broadly ovate, lanceolate-ovate, lanceolate or elliptical. The leaf margin is entire. The leaf anatomy corresponds to the "normal" (non-wreath) type of C3 plants .
Inflorescences and flowers
The Stutzia species are monoecious ( monoecious ) separate sexes. In terminal, pseudo-eared, dense or interrupted inflorescences are clusters of male and often female flowers. In addition, female flowers stand individually or up to six in the leaf axils of the stem center.
The male flowers (without bracts) have an inflorescence of five triangular to awl, connected to 1/2 to 3/4 of their length with one another tepals of 1 to 2 millimeters in length, which can have a fleshy crest. In front of the tepals there are five stamens that arise from a discus . The anthers protrude from the flower. The female flowers sit between two continue reading (Brakteolen), they consist of a zarthäutigen perianth from one to five separate ganzrandigen or lobed Tepalen, and an ovary with two thread-like, slightly protruding scars.
The Stutzia species bloom in their natural range from April to July.
Fruits and seeds
At the time of fruiting, the enveloping pre-leaves grow to 2 to 20 millimeters long and 1 to 10 millimeters wide. They are connected to one another at least halfway or to the tip. Their shape is egg-shaped and entire or egg-heart-shaped to lanceolate and with basal side lobes, pointed at the end. Their surface is scaly and usually without appendages. The ripe fruit, which remains enclosed by the pre-leaves, does not fall off and clearly towers over the tepals. It is egg-shaped and laterally compressed to almost spherical, its membranous pericarp adheres to the seed. The vertically standing seed with a beaked tip has a brown or dark red-brown, thin, hard seed coat. The almost ring-shaped, delicate embryo surrounds the abundant endosperm .
Sets of chromosomes
The chromosome numbers given are n = 9 ( haploid ) and 2n = 18 ( diploid ).
Occurrence
The Stutzia species are common in western North America (in Alberta , Saskatchewan , California , Colorado , Montana , Nevada , North Dakota , South Dakota , Wyoming , and probably also in Oregon ).
They grow in dry habitats on alkaline or salty soil at altitudes of 400 to 2200 meters. The more widespread species Stutzia dioica is a pioneer species on bare, alkaline or salty fine-grained soil (badlands). Occasionally it occurs together with Atriplex , Artemisia or grass species. Stutzia covillei grows on salty soil in various bushland communities and salty grasslands.
Systematics
The first description of the genus Stutzia was made in 2010 by Elizabeth H. Zacharias (In: A Molecular Phylogeny of North American Atripliceae (Chenopodiaceae), with Implications for Floral and Photosynthetic Pathway Evolution . In: Systematic Botany 35 (4), pp 839-857) . The genus was established to replace the invalid name Endolepis used by John Torrey in 1860. (This genus name has existed since 1846 for the fossil plant genus Endolepis Schleid.) The type species is Stutzia dioica . The two species were often placed in the genus Atriplex , but turned out to be phylogenetically independent. The genus name honors the botanist Howard C. Stutz , who in 1993 separated the genus Endolepis from Atriplex .
Synonyms for Stutzia E.H. Zacharias are Endolepis Torr. (nom. illeg.), Atriplex sect. Endolepis McNeill and Atriplex L. sect. Covilleiae S. L. Welsh .
Stutzia belongs to the tribe Atripliceae of the subfamily Chenopodioideae in the family Amaranthaceae .
The genus includes two types:
- Stutzia covillei (Standl.) EH Zacharias (Syn. Atriplex covillei (Standl.) JF Macbr. , Endolepis covillei Standl. ): This species is called "Coville's orach".
- Stutzia dioica (Nutt.) EH Zacharias (Syn. Kochia dioica Nutt. , Salsola dioica (Nutt.) Spreng. , Endolepis dioica (Nutt.) Standl. , Atriplex dioica (Nutt.) JF Macbr. , Atriplex suckleyi (Torrey) Rydberg , Endolepis suckleyi Torr. , Endolepis ovata Rydb. , Atriplex ovata (Rydb.) Clem. & EG Clem. ): This species is known as "Suckley's orach".
swell
- Elizabeth H. Zacharias, Bruce G. Baldwin: A Molecular Phylogeny of North American Atripliceae (Chenopodiaceae), with Implications for Floral and Photosynthetic Pathway Evolution . In: Systematic Botany 35 (4), 2010, pp. 839-857. doi : 10.1600 / 036364410X539907 (sections description, occurrence, systematics)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Stanley L. Welsh (2003): Atriplex covillei - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 4: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2003, ISBN 0-19-517389-9 , pp. 368 (English).
- ↑ a b Stanley L. Welsh (2003): Atriplex suckleyi - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 4: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2003, ISBN 0-19-517389-9 , pp. 345 (English).
