Late bitterling

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Late bitterling
Blackstonia acuminata sl6.jpg

Late bitterling ( Blackstonia acuminata )

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids I
Order : Enzianartige (Gentianales)
Family : Gentian Family (Gentianaceae)
Genre : Bitter gentians ( Blackstonia )
Type : Late bitterling
Scientific name
Blackstonia acuminata
( WDJ Koch & Ziz) Domin

The late-bitterling ( Blackstonia acuminata ), also later bitterling called, is a plant from the family of the Gentian family (Gentianaceae).

description

Vegetative characteristics

The late bitterling is an annual herbaceous plant that usually reaches heights of 10 to 30 centimeters. The upright, bare plant grows easily or is branched in the inflorescence. It has no or only a poorly developed base rosette . The opposite, undivided and full-margined leaves have an egg-shaped, glauke blade and are a maximum of 2.5 centimeters wide. The leaves are fused together in pairs, encompassing the stems, with a clear constriction in the middle.

Generative characteristics

The flowering of the late-Bitterlings ranges in central Europe from July bis September . The plant is a mid-morning bloomer and the flowers only open when the sun is shining. The hermaphroditic, radial symmetry flowers are grouped in terminal, mostly loose dichasias . The flower stalks are 2 to 7 inches long. The sepals are only fused together at the base and the elongated, lanceolate calyx tips are close to the fruit. The crown is usually 8 to 10 millimeters long and consists of 6 to 8 deep yellow petals , the tips of which are about as long as the crown tube. The petals are twisted in the bud position. The flower has as many stamens as petals and an upper ovary with two stigmas . The fruit is a two-pronged capsule .

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 40; the subspecies Blackstonia acuminata subsp. aestiva has the number of chromosomes 2n = 20.

ecology

The late bitterling is a therophyte . The species loves warmth.

Occurrence and endangerment

The late bitterling has its main distribution area in the Mediterranean area . It is also found in Morocco, the Middle East and northwards to the Netherlands. In the German-speaking area, the species is indigenous in Austria , Germany and Switzerland .

In Austria, the late bitterling occurs very rarely on open, damp ruderal areas, roadsides and banks in the colline altitude . The occurrences are limited to the federal states of Vienna , Lower Austria and Burgenland . In Styria and Vorarlberg the species is extinct in the rest area it is considered threatened with extinction. The late bitterling is a character species of the Erythraeo-Blackstonietum from the Nanocyperion association in Germany.

Systematics

The late bitterling belongs together with the through-wax bitterling to the species group Blackstonia perfoliata agg.

There are two subspecies of Blackstonia acuminata :

  • Blackstonia acuminata subsp. acuminata
  • Blackstonia acuminata subsp. aestiva (K.Malý) Zeltner

photos

  • Flowers are open in the morning, ...

  • ... all are closed in the afternoon.

  • The stem has fused leaves.

  • The lanceolate calyx tips are close to the fruits.

  • Faded plant with capsule fruits

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 711 .
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  751 .
  3. ↑ a b Blackstonia acuminata at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  4. ↑ a b Entry at The Euro + Med PlantBase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity

literature

  • Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 711 .

Web links

Commons : Late Bitterling ( Blackstonia acuminata )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files