Street goosefoot

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Street goosefoot
Street goose foot (Oxybasis urbica), illustration

Street goose foot ( Oxybasis urbica ), illustration

Systematics
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Foxtail family (Amaranthaceae)
Subfamily : Chenopodioideae
Tribe : Atripliceae
Genre : Oxy base
Type : Street goosefoot
Scientific name
Oxy base urbica
( L. ) S. Fuentes , Uotila & Borsch

The street goose foot ( Oxybasis urbica , syn. Chenopodium urbicum ), also called city ​​goose foot , village goose foot or stiff goose foot , is a species of the foxtail family (Amaranthaceae). Its original range is Europe and Asia. As an introduced species, it is also found in North America.

description

Vegetative characteristics

Habitus
Foliage leaf
inflorescence
inflorescence

The street goose foot is an annual herbaceous plant . The stiff, upright stem reaches a length of 20 to 100 (max. Up to 120) cm and is not or only weakly branched, often striped yellow, ribbed and flourless.

The alternate leaves are (olive) green and almost bare on both sides. The lower leaves reach a length of 3 to 11 (rarely up to 20) cm and a width of 3 to 10 cm and are stalked 1.5 to 4 cm long. The leaf blade is triangular or rhombic, with a truncated or wedge-shaped base, serrated arched on the edge or with outwardly directed basal lobes. The upper leaves can also be lanceolate and almost entire.

Inflorescence and flower

The inflorescences are terminal or lateral, stiffly upright, almost leafless, spiked panicles . The flowers stand together in compact, small, almost spherical clusters (partial inflorescences) of 2.0 to 3.5 mm in diameter. Pre-leaves are missing. The flowers are hermaphroditic or feminine. The inflorescence consists of five yellow-green tepals separated to the base . These are broadly ovate to elliptical with a length of 0.6 to 0.8 mm and a width of 0.4 to 0.8 mm, blunt on top and rounded on the back or somewhat swollen and bare. There are 5 stamens (sometimes missing) and two short stigmas.

Fruit and seeds

At the time of fruiting, the bloom cover loosely covers the lenticular fruit and only partially falls off with it. The membranous, brown pericarp rests loosely against the seed. The mostly horizontal seed is lens-shaped with a diameter of 1.0 to 1.2 mm and a rounded outline and rounded edge. Its (red-brown) -black seed coat has weak, net-like stripes or is almost smooth.

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.

ecology

Pollination is usually done by the wind. The flowering period in Germany extends from June to August.

The common goosefoot is a food plant for the caterpillars of the leaf tensioner ( Pelurga comitata ).

Occurrence and endangerment

The street goose foot is widespread from Europe through Southwest Asia and Central Asia to western Siberia . Within Europe, the species is rarer both in the north and in the south. It is also introduced in North America .

It settles ruderal sites , nearby wasteland, railway lines, fields and river banks. While it grows in Central Europe in flat and hilly areas, it can thrive in Iran up to altitudes of 1770 m.

In Germany , this species was introduced as a companion to cultivated plants more than half a millennium ago ( archaeophyte ). Here it rarely grows in ruderal corridors on rubble sites and paths, especially in donkey thistle - u. Woolly thistle meadows (in the system of plant sociology : Association Onopordion acanthii). In addition, it occurs on dry river banks in water pepper - two-tooth bank corridors (Association Bidention tripartiti). It prefers warmth (steppe climate) and nitrogen-rich soil.

The populations of the street goose foot in Central Europe are falling sharply due to building development, village renovations, castle restoration or wall joints. In Germany it is considered threatened with extinction ( Red List of Endangered Species 1). While it is classified as critically endangered in Bavaria (Red List 2), it is threatened with extinction in Schleswig-Holstein , Brandenburg , Saxony-Anhalt , Saxony , Thuringia and Hesse (Red List 1). He has already disappeared from Lower Saxony , Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , North Rhine-Westphalia , Rhineland-Palatinate , Baden-Württemberg , Hamburg and Berlin (Red List 0).

In Switzerland , too, the common goose foot is threatened with extinction in some areas and is on the red list. In Austria it is also rare and endangered, in Carinthia it is already extinct.

Systematics

Oxybasis urbica (L.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch belongs to the tribe Atripliceae in the subfamily Chenopodioideae within the family Amaranthaceae .

It was first described as Chenopodium urbicum in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum . Molecular genetic studies revealed that the species does not belong to Chenopodium in the narrower sense. Therefore, it was placed in the genus Oxybasis by Suzy Fuentes-Bazan , Pertti Uotila and Thomas Borsch in 2012 .

Synonyms for Oxybasis urbica (L.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch are Chenopodium urbicum L. , Chenopodium deltoideum Lam. (nom. illeg.), Chenopodium intermedium Mert. & WDJKoch , Chenopodium melanospermum Wallr. and Chenopodium rhombifolium Willd. and Anserina urbica (L.) Montandon and Atriplex urbica (L.) Crantz .

use

The young leaves of the goose foot can be cooked and prepared as a vegetable such as spinach . Raw leaves should, however, due to content of saponins only be consumed in small amounts. The seeds are also edible and cooked like millet. When ground, they can also be used to add flour to baking. To remove the saponins, the seeds should be soaked in water overnight before boiling and then rinsed thoroughly.

The whole plant can be used as a coloring plant for golden green shades.

literature

  • Steven E. Clemants, Sergei L. Mosyakin: Chenopodium . In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 4: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2003, ISBN 0-19-517389-9 , Chenopodium urbicum , p. 287 (English, online ). (Sections Description, Common Name)
  • Gelin Zhu, Sergei L. Mosyakin, Steven E. Clemants: Chenopodium . In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 5: Ulmaceae through Basellaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-27-X , Chenopodium urbicum , p. 381 (English, online ). (Sections Description, Common Name)
  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 , pp. 89 . (Occurrence section)
  • Pertti Uotila: Chenopodium urbicum . In: Karl Heinz Rechinger et al. (Ed.): Flora Iranica. Volume 172 - Chenopodiaceae . Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, Graz 1997, ISBN 3-201-00728-5 , pp. 36–37. (Sections Description, Occurrence)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Susy Fuentes-Bazan, Pertti Uotila, Thomas Borsch: A novel phylogeny-based generic classification for Chenopodium sensu lato, and a tribal rearrangement of Chenopodioideae (Chenopodiaceae) . In: Willdenowia. Volume 42, No. 1, 2012, pp. 5–24 (here: p. 15), DOI: 10.3372 / wi.42.42101 .
  2. ↑ a b c Entry in botany in the picture: Flora of Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol , accessed on December 14, 2011.
  3. ↑ a b Chenopodium urbicum at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed December 14, 2011.
  4. ↑ a b c Chenopodium urbicum at Biolflor.de , accessed on December 14, 2011.
  5. ^ Gaden S. Robinson, Phillip R. Ackery, Ian J. Kitching, George W. Beccaloni, Luis M. Hernández: Entry at HOSTS - A Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants , accessed December 14, 2011.
  6. ↑ Street goosefoot. In: FloraWeb.de.
  7. ↑ Chenopodium urbicum. In: Info Flora (the national data and information center for Swiss flora). Retrieved December 14, 2011.
  8. ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 1, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 218 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fopenurl%3Fpid%3Dtitle%3A669%26volume%3D1%26issue%3D%26spage%3D218%26date%3D1753~GB%3D~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
  9. ^ Pertti Uotila: Chenopodiaceae (pro parte majore). Chenopodium urbicum . In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2011, accessed on December 14, 2011.
  10. ↑ a b Chenopodium urbicum at Plants For A Future . Retrieved December 14, 2011.

Web links

Commons : Street goose foot ( Oxybasis urbica )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files