Eduard Josef Gübelin

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Eduard Josef Gübelin

Eduard Josef Gübelin (born March 16, 1913 in Lucerne ; † March 15, 2005 there ) was a pioneer in gemstone research.

His lifelong studies of inclusions in gemstones changed the science of gemology and his work laid the foundation for the microscopic identification of gemstones of all kinds. He achieved worldwide fame in the field of gemology with his scientific work and with his remarkable gemstone collection.

Life

Childhood and Adolescence (1913–1930)

Eduard Josef Gübelin's parents, Eduard Moritz Gübelin and Maria Schriber, married in 1912. Eduard Josef Gübelin was born on March 16, 1913 in Lucerne as the eldest of seven children. Eduard Josef's grandfather Eduard Gübelin-Breitschmid owned a watch shop on Schweizerhofquai in Lucerne, where his father Eduard Moritz also worked. After his return at the end of the First World War , his father Eduard Moritz Gübelin-Schriber took over the watch business from his father Eduard Gübelin-Breitschmid on April 21, 1919. In the same year Eduard Josef Gübelin entered primary school. As a boy, he brought home special stones from an excursion. He then tried to classify these.

At the beginning of the 1920s, Eduard Josef Gübelin's father decided to integrate a jewelery department into the watch business. Since 1923 , the watchmaking business has included a jewelery shop . This laid the foundation for Gübelin's era as a jeweler with his own creations. In 1924, Gübelin opened a branch on 57th Street in New York. Eduard Josef's parents, Eduard Moritz and Maria Gübelin-Schriber, traveled to the United States several times during the late 1920s . After completing primary school, Eduard Josef Gübelin entered the Lucerne Cantonal School, where he received a humanistic education. After graduating from high school, he completed the recruit school, the non-commissioned officer school and the officer school.

The path to becoming a gemologist (1931–1939)

In 1929, the golden twenties collapsed with the stock market crash - the same year in which the company celebrated its 75th birthday. The father Eduard Moritz made courageous decisions, which promoted the development of the company in the long term: In the middle of the crisis, the company expanded. The establishment of new Gübelin boutiques in various Swiss cities made a significant contribution to maintaining the company's success: in 1931 a Gübelin boutique was opened in St. Moritz and in 1932 a branch in Zurich. Eduard Josef helped in the family business from 1932. He also studied mineralogy in Zurich . His brother Walter graduated from the watchmaking school, whereby the two brothers complemented each other with their knowledge. The good relationship between the two brothers and Walter's decision to follow in his father's footsteps gave the firstborn the freedom he needed to devote himself more intensively to his scientific training.

In Zurich, the young Edward was interested not only in mineralogy and gemology, but also in the humanities. In addition to his regular subjects, he also took courses in art history, literature and ancient languages. In 1936 Eduard Josef Gübelin undertook practical fieldwork in Ticino while studying at the ETH Zurich. This served as the basis for his publication: The minerals in the dolomite of Campo Lungo (Ticino) . In the winter semester 1936/37, which he spent in Vienna at the Institute for Precious Stones, he studied gemology under Professor Hermann Michel, who had already taught his father Eduard Moritz Gübelin a decade earlier.

After studying in Europe, he stayed in New York, where Eduard Josef Gübelin wanted to improve his English and sales skills. At the same time, he contacted the Gemological Institute of America (GIA) to apply for distance learning . Letters from the family's possession testify to the several months spent in America, towards the end of which Eduard Josef Gübelin traveled to Los Angeles to take the GIA exams. There he successfully passed the examination as a Certified Gemmologist (CG) of the Gemmological Institute of America in 1939 . This made him the second European to win this title. After graduating, he returned to Lucerne to join the family business. After his return he married Idda Niedermann.

Second World War (1939–1945)

At the 1939 national exhibition, the family company Gübelin presented unconventional creations and thus embarked on new paths. During the war, Eduard Josef Gübelin served the army as an intelligence officer in the field and in the army intelligence center in the Hotel Schweizerhof in Lucerne - the neighboring building of the Englischer Hof, where the Gübelins company was located.

Eduard Josef continued his research activity during the Second World War . His scientific work increasingly focused on the field of inclusions in gemstones and their importance in identifying a stone.

At the age of 27, Eduard Josef Gübelin began to increasingly publish his work and research results on inclusions in precious stones. His first article in the journal Gems and Gemology appeared in 1940 under the title Differences between Burma and Siam rubies . For the years 1940–1945, over twenty scientific articles by Eduard Josef Gübelin are documented in scientific journals. He published most of his reports in the gemological journal Gems & Gemology , published by the Gemological Institute of America. In 1942, after a controversy among Swiss jewelers, a Swiss Gemological Society was founded. In his function as a member and scientific advisor, Eduard Josef Gübelin held annual gemological training courses and published further works on gemstones.

Eduard Josef Gübelin became more and more a pioneer in the study of precious stones. The focus was on being able to distinguish fakes from real gemstones. In order to better examine the various types of inclusions in gemstones, he developed various research instruments. In 1944, before the end of the Second World War , Eduard Moritz Gübelin-Schriber opened the Gübelin branch in Geneva, which still exists today . In 1945 Eduard Josef Gübelin received his Diamond Certificate from the Swiss Gemological Society.

Takeover (1945)

In 1945 Eduard Josef's father became terminally ill. After successfully managing the company for 26 years as patron, he died unexpectedly at the age of 57. Commemorative writings and obituaries in various newspapers and magazines, including the Neue Zürcher Zeitung , bear witness to Eduard Moritz's reputation and level of awareness. The sons Eduard Josef and Walter Gübelin now took over the management of the company. So Walter took over the management of the watch workshop, while Eduard was responsible for the gemstones and communication. In the post-war period, Gübelin stocked up again and expanded the range. The workshops were expanded and the gemological laboratory set up anew. The new creations that were created for the Basel MUBA sample fair formed what was then an avant-garde style basis for the coming collections, not only in the area of ​​watches, but also in the area of ​​"Haute Joaillerie", which became one of the focal points in the coming decades of the company became. Ultra-thin pocket watches were also manufactured in Gübelin's workshops.

Pioneer (1946–1976)

Inclusions in precious stones

When Gübelin first looked at a stone through a microscope in the 1920s, gemstone research was barely developed. The inclusions in the stones were believed to be undesirable blemishes or flaws that reduced their price. It is thanks to Gübelin's groundbreaking research and his photomicrographic working methods that the geological experts gradually recognized the value of such inclusions. Today, inclusions in gemstones are an important indicator of their identity. They provide information about the natural or treated condition of a stone and about its geographical place of origin.

Gübelin began publishing his research results in the middle of the Second World War. After the war he continued his studies more intensively. Various titles and awards testify to the growing reputation he enjoyed in the professional world: in 1946 he became a member of the Gemmological Association of Great Britain. In 1948 he received the title “First Research Member GIA” from the Gemmological Institute of America and in 1952 he became a member of the German Gemmological Society. In the same year he became a co-founder of the International Gemmological Conference IGC Gübelin's first major publication, Gemstones , was published in German in 1952 and immediately translated into French. An English edition followed in 1963. Already in his 1953 book Classifying Gemstone Inclusions he proposed the classification of mineral inclusions. This classification divided the inclusions into the categories "protogenetic", "syngenetic" and "epigenetic", depending on whether the inclusions in a gem already existed before it or whether they were created at the same time or afterwards.

If a gemstone is changed through artificial treatment - for example if its color is intensified or its evenness is perfected - this must be declared so that the potential buyer is not deceived. In order to combat such deceptions in retail, methods and instruments are required with which the traces of artificial treatments can be clearly identified. Gübelin's findings in the field of gemstone inclusions and its classification contributed, among other things, to determining and documenting such treatments on the stone. The classification he proposed became more and more important, the more varied the different treatment methods for refining colored gemstones became and the more deceptive the syntheses became. Today this classification is known worldwide and widely recognized within the industry.

Knowledge transfer

Gübelin began giving lectures and teaching abroad as early as the early 1940s. In addition, he continued to be heavily involved in his own family business: between 1940 and 1957 he wrote more than a dozen issues of advertising brochures for Gübelin jewelry stores, in which a wide range of topics related to precious stones were discussed.

Gübelin combined his passion for gemology with his commitment to the family business. In 1954, for example, he took over the management of the celebrations for the 100th anniversary of his company. He organized numerous events, commemorative publications, anniversary decorations and jewelry shows in Lucerne, Zurich and Geneva. On these occasions, the great interest of the audience in gemology and gemstones, which he had built up in recent years through his commitment and his personality, was clearly noticeable. In the USA, too, cocktail parties were celebrated for the 1954 anniversary in New York, Atlanta, Houston, Dallas, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Denver, Detroit and Chicago with a total of around 10,000 customers. The family business saw steady growth in the 1960s. A whole series of creations from Gübelin have been awarded prizes and thus received a certain amount of attention. In the early 1960s, Expo 64 was an important platform for Gübelin, his research and his company . Here new creations were presented to the general public and public interest in gemstones and gemology was promoted. Over the years he has given hundreds of lectures to both academic and lay audiences. In addition to the annually recurring events such as the biennial International Gemmological Conference or the annual meeting of the Swiss Gemological Society, he was also a speaker at the International Gemological Symposium in Los Angeles in 1981, at the American Gem Society Conclaves in North America, the CISGEM Gemmologia Europe in Milan or at the meetings of the Gemmological Association of Great Britain.

to travel

Eduard Josef Gübelin also tried to get as close as possible to the origin of the gemstones in practice. He made numerous trips to areas with gemstone deposits, where he expanded his knowledge. He documented many of his sometimes adventurous trips to distant places himself through photographs and film recordings. Within around fifty years, the Lucerne man ended up visiting hundreds of different gemstone sites and gemstone trading centers around the world. He undertook his first trip to Burma (Myanmar) in 1962. The trips all over the world enabled Eduard Josef Gübelin not only to expand his fund of practical knowledge, but also to establish international contacts. During his travels, Eduard Josef Gübelin often wrote letters to the company, in which he describes the landscapes, animals, population groups, their clothing and eating habits and the arduous journey to the mines.

World map of the gemstone deposits

The fruits of Eduard Gübelin's travels as part of his scientific work can also be seen from the world map of the gemstone deposits that he created . This map, published in 1988, was created against the background of the 50th anniversary of the Swiss Gemological Institute in 1992. It shows more than 750 gemstone deposits worldwide. 65 of Eduard Gübelin's photos are printed on the back. These depict gemstones and mines and are supplemented by descriptions of the stones, mines and operations. Versions have been published in German, English, French, Spanish, Italian and Portuguese. The world map of gemstone deposits met with a great response internationally and was widely used.

After retirement (1977-2005)

Gübelin continued to do research after his retirement in 1976 and remained an active figure in the field of gemology. The family company was run by his brother Walter Gübelin until Walter's son Thomas Gübelin took over the company in 1988. Since Eduard Josef Gübelin had set up a gemological laboratory at home in addition to the Gübelin gemological laboratory, he was able to continue his projects seamlessly. In the last third of his life he continued to publish and took part in the meetings of the Swiss Gemological Society. As he got older he reduced his travels, but he still took part in conferences and specialist meetings all over the world. In addition, he conducted active correspondence with professional colleagues from all over the world.

In 2004, at the age of 90, Eduard Josef still experienced the 150th anniversary of the Gübelin family business. At that time, the company already had branches in seven cities in Switzerland: in Lucerne, Zurich, Basel, Geneva, Bern, Lugano and St. Moritz. For the anniversary, Gübelin presented a new jewelry collection and a world first in the watch sector. Eduard Josef Gübelin died on March 15, 2005 - one day before his 92nd birthday. He left five daughters and several grandchildren and great-grandchildren.

Significance for research and legacy

Gemstone Examination Instruments

As part of his research activities, Eduard Josef Gübelin developed a number of different instruments for examining precious stones in the 1940s and 1950s. Some of them were his own inventions, others he developed in cooperation with the German company Zeiss from existing instruments by improving, changing or expanding them for his purposes.

With this commitment, he made a significant contribution to the further development of practical research and investigation into gemstones. The first device that he designed and developed from scratch was the coloriscope - a further development of the Diamolite, which is known in the USA. The Gemmoskop, a binocular microscope with dark field illumination, was developed by Eduard Josef Gübelin in 1942. Also in 1942, he created the hand-held grinding measuring device for gemstones, with which the angles and proportions of faceted gemstones could be measured. In 1950 he designed the world's first table-top spectroscope, also known as the jeweler's spectroscope, which he presented in 1951 at the Gemological Exhibition in London. The existing devices that he developed further include the horizontal immersion microscope , which he expanded and used for micrographs. He published over 250 such micrographs in 1953 in his book Inclusions as a Means of Gemstone Identification . Another example of a further development is the detectoscope, which was invented by Hermann Michel and Gustav Riedl in the mid-1920s. He added a Chelsea color filter, a daylight filter and a frosted glass diffuser to this device. For Eduard Josef Gübelin, photographic recordings of the spectra of a precious stone were important for his research work and for the illustration of his publications. Therefore, in addition to the jeweler's spectroscope, he designed another device that enabled him to enlarge and photograph the spectrum of a stone.

In cooperation with the Zeiss company, he developed an optical bench-top spectrometer. By using a special prism, two spectra could be observed at the same time. Other useful instruments he developed include the fluoroscope , magnoscope , polariscope , a specific conductivity meter and a few other aids.

The Gübelin Gemological Laboratory

As early as the beginning of the 20th century, Gübelin became convinced that it was necessary to have the technical equipment and knowledge to face the challenges of the time in the gemstone and jewelery business. In the first half of the 20th century in particular, the gemstone trade was confronted with increasing difficulties. In addition to the easily recognizable glass imitations that were widespread up to now, the first synthetically produced rubies and spinels have now come onto the market. The trade in cultured pearls also emerged .

Private gemological laboratory

A first gemological laboratory was set up at Gübelin in 1923. The Gübelin Gemological Laboratory opened two years before the London Laboratory, making it one of the first private gemological laboratories in the world. The efforts to examine the stones in our own laboratory and to determine their authenticity, quality and origin were intensified when Gübelin took over the management of the company's own gemological laboratory in the family business in 1939. He expanded the gemological laboratory at Gübelin and always kept it up to date. Originally, this laboratory was only intended for personal use. However, the original idea of ​​being able to check the authenticity of the stone material for in-house jewelery and sales has turned into much more.

service provider

Since the early 1960s, other companies began to show an increasing interest in the laboratory's service. The independent analyzes of great quality and trustworthiness had gradually gained a good reputation, so that auction houses, banks, insurance companies, museums, jewelers and private collectors turned to the Gübelin Gemmological Laboratory to have gemstones checked.

The Gemstone Report from Gübelin is now an internationally recognized security that records the quality of a gemstone. The laboratory's gemologists neither evaluate nor issue any estimates of the market value. Rather, your job is to provide descriptive data on what is available: identity, authenticity, determination of any treatments, quality and possible origin. The Gübelin Gemological Laboratory of the 21st Century is an independent division of the Gübelin Group that deals exclusively with the scientific analysis of the type, quality, origin and authenticity of gemstones and pearls. The Gübelin Gem Lab has successfully positioned itself internationally in the field of gemstone certification as well as in research and in the development of analysis methods. Gübelin's concern to impart knowledge is pursued further by today's Gübelin Gem Lab, in which research results from its own projects are published in mineralogical, gemological and trade journals.

Collections

Reference stone collection of the Gübelin Gemological Laboratory

Gübelin collected antiques, books, stone work, Orthodox icons, works of art and religious objects from all over the world. However, he pursued his most important collecting activity in the area of ​​precious stones. For almost his entire life, he collected gemstones and arranged them into various sub-collections.

One of the foundations of gemstone analysis for the Gübelin Gem Lab is still today the so-called reference stone collection from Eduard Josef Gübelin. It represents a complete collection with specimens from all relevant mines around the world. This collection consists of around 25,000 stones - most of them in an unpolished raw state. Each of these 25,000 stones is completely documented and analyzed. The documentation provides information about the locally specific properties of certain stones. They serve the researchers as reference material in the analysis and the determination of origin. To ensure the authenticity of the stones brought together for the collection, Gübelin bought many of them personally on his travels. His successors in the Gübelin Gemological Laboratory keep this collection and the associated database up to date by purchasing new copies. The team visits several dozen mines and trading centers each year to keep the collection up to date.

The GIA's “Edward J. Gübelin Collection”

In addition to the reference stone collection that is used today by the Gübelin Gem Lab in Lucerne, Gübelin also owned a second large collection of valuable stones from 48 different countries. This collection contains many large and cut stones, which he also put together himself and which he steadily expanded and expanded over the course of his life in the six decades between 1940 and 2000.

In 2005 this collection was sold to the GIA in the USA. It contains more than 2800 pieces, which represent 225 different minerals and gemstone materials. The stones come from all over the world and many of them are exceptional in color, weight and appearance. Since 2007, the GIA has been actively pursuing a project to systematically document the pieces from the Gübelins gemstone collection. The results of the investigations should be available to all interested parties on the GIA website. The aim of this project is to create a kind of virtual museum and thus to make gemological knowledge more easily accessible to a broader audience. The transfer of knowledge, which played a central role for Gübelin throughout his life, was further promoted by selling the collection to the GIA.

Working and teaching collections

In addition to the two collections described, Eduard Josef Gübelin had other precious stone collections. His working collection consisted of over 300 copies of proven origin. He used these personally for his analyzes on customer stones. It was bequeathed to the Gübelin Gem Lab and today forms an integral part of the Gübelin Gem Lab reference stone collection. In addition to his work collection, he maintained another gem collection, the teaching collection, with exemplary and spectacular stones, which he used for training purposes. This teaching collection was also bequeathed to the Gübelin Gem Lab after his death.

Film and photography

Gübelin was not only a scientist, but also cultivated a great interest in art, culture and aesthetics since childhood. Photography and filmmaking were hobbies that he skillfully combined with his scientific work. Many of his publications are enriched with photographs from his collections, making them not only interesting for science, but also more attractive and easier to understand for laypeople and learners.

In addition to the collections of photographs and slides that he left with the Gübelin Gemmological Laboratory and his family, there are also a number of films that he himself produced on his travels. Eduard Gübelin's third eldest daughter, Franziska Greising, remembers in her novel how her father cut his own film strips in a basement. He has shown these films to audiences several times himself. The film shows are partly supported by articles in newspapers and magazines.

Today the original film strips have been processed and stored securely in the archive of the Cinémathèque suisse in Penthaz . Below is a selection of the original film material by Eduard Josef Gübelins, which is recorded in the archive:

  • Ceylon, fairytale island of gemstones / The Story of Gemstones occuring in Ceylon / Ceylon; the enchanted Island of Gems. 16 mm, 465 meters, English. 2011 0977 00.
  • Jade, material of prehistoric times - modern gemstone. 16 mm, 452 meters, German, French. 2011 1097 00. 1970?
  • Mogok, Valley of the Rubies. 67 minutes. 16 mm, 950 meters, German / English / French. 2011 1095 00. 1962/63.
  • Sri Lanka. Pearl of the tropics. Isle of Gems. 88 minutes. 16 mm, 742 meters, German / French. 2011 1100 00. 1963.

Awards

In recognition of his research work and the publication of his vast wealth of knowledge, Eduard Josef Gübelin has received numerous awards and honorary degrees. Among other things, he became an honorary member of gemological societies in Australia, Germany, Jaban, Sweden and not least in Switzerland. Below is a selection of foundations, awards and honors from 1942 to 2005.

  • 1942 Founding member of the Swiss Gemmological Association, function of Scientific Advisor
  • 1943 First Research Member of GIA by the Gemmological Institute of America
  • 1946 FGA Fellow of Gemmological Association of Great Britain (Gem-A)
  • 1952 Member of the German Gemmological Association
  • 1952 Expert of the German Institute of Gemmological Research
  • 1952 Founding member of the International Gemmological Conference (IGC)
  • 1956 Research Diploma (honorific award) of the Gemmological Institute of great Britain (Gem-A) in honor of “A Contribution to the Genealogy of Inclusions”
  • 1973 Prof. hc (honorary professor) from the University of Stellenbosch in South Africa
  • 1980 Jewelers of America International Award for Jewelry Leadership
  • 1982 First honorary member of the American Gem Trade Association
  • 1988 Dr. hc (honorary doctorate) of International Foundation of Universities
  • 1991 ICA Lifetime Achievement Award
  • 1994 The American Gem Society Robert M. Shipley Award
  • 2003 GIA League of Honor

Memberships

He was a co-founder of the International Gemmological Conference (1952) and the International Colored Stone Association (1982), honorary member of gemological societies in numerous countries and has received a number of awards for his research, including the honorary professor of the University of Stellenbosch in South Africa (1973).

Fonts (selection)

13 major books and over 250 articles influenced the research literature of the 20th century. Many of his books have been translated into several languages. In addition, he wrote the brochures for his own family business. According to his own statement, Eduard Josef Gübelin also had a personal favorite book in the multitude of his publications, as he stated in an interview: “My favorite book is the Internal World of Gemstones, because it is the most beautiful. I prefer it, to a certain extent, to the Photoatlas because it is more of a pictorial, while the Photoatlas is more of a study book. "

  • Photoatlas of Inclusions in Gemstones . 2nd Edition. 2005.
  • With Erni Gübelin: Gemstones. Symbols of Beauty and Power . 2000.
  • Gemstones. Symbols of beauty and power . Beautiful, 1999.
  • World map of the gemstone deposits . Swiss Gemological Society. 1988.
  • With John I. Koivula: Pictorial atlas of inclusions in precious stones . 3 volumes. ABC Verlag, 1986.
  • The Color Treasury of Gemstones . Thomas Y. Crowell Company Inc., New York 1975.
  • Internal World of Gemstones: Documents from Space and Time . ABC Verlag, Zurich 1974.
  • Gemstones . Silva-Verlag, Zurich 1969.
  • The gems of the island of Ceylon . Lucerne 1968.
  • Inclusions as a Means of Gemstone Identification . 1953.
  • Gemstones . Hallwag-Verlag, Bern 1952; French translation ( Pièrre Précieuses ) 1953; English translation ( Precious Stones ) 1963 with new editions 1973.
  • The minerals in the dolomite of Campolungo (Ticino) . Special print from Switzerland. Min. Petr. Mitt. , Volume 9. Issue 2. 1939.

Articles in magazines, reference works, etc.

  • Eduard Josef Gübelin, G. Bosshart, CP Smith a. a .: Poudretteite: A rare gem species from the Mogok Valley . In: Gems & Gemology , Vol. 39, 2003, No. 1, pp. 24-31.
  • Eduard Josef Gübelin: Application of UV radiation in gemology . In: Goldschmiede-Zeitung . 2001, No. 11, pp. 96-100.
  • Eduard Josef Gübelin: Comparison of inclusions in corundum from the new mines in Tanzania and on Madagascar . XXVIII International Gemmological Conference, Madrid. 2001.
  • Eduard Josef Gübelin: Relationship and correlation between parent rocks, gemstones and mineral inclusions . In: Gemmologists Handbook , XXVII. 1999.
  • Eduard Josef Gübelin: La Présence d'Émeraudes au Pakistan, la vallée de Swat . In: Revue de Gemmologie . AFG No. 134/135. Pp. 185-192.
  • Eduard Josef Gübelin, A. Peretti: Sapphires from the Andranondambo mine in SE Madagascar: Evidence for metasomatic skarn formation . In: Journal of Gemmology , Vol. 25, 1997, No. 7, pp. 453-470.
  • Gübelin Eduard Josef: Madagascar blue . In: Momentum . Vol. 5, 1997, No. 15, pp. 29-31.
  • Eduard Josef Gübelin, A. Peretti: New inclusions in Pakistani peridot: Vonsenite-luwigite needles . In: Jewel Siam . December / January 1996, pp. 68-69.
  • NR Barot, G. Graziani, Eduard Josef Gübelin u. a .: Cat's eye and asteriated gemstones from East Africa . In: Journal of Gemmology . Vol. 24, 1995, No. 8, pp. 569-580.
  • G. Bosshart, Eduard Josef Gübelin, R. Kammerling u. a .: Myanmar and its gems - an update . In: Journal of Gemmology. Vol. 24, 1994, No. 1, pp. 3-40.
  • Eduard Josef Gübelin: Rubies and sapphires: inclusions . In: M. Superchi (Ed.): Gemmologia V: European Gemmologists on Rubies and Sapphires . CISGEM, 1994, pp. 106-137.
  • Eduard Josef Gübelin: Mineral inclusions in gemstones recently observed, analyzed and identified . XXIV International Gemmological Conference, Paris. 1993, p. 85.

literature

  • Edward Boehm: Collecting Awakens Passion for Gemology . In: The Loup . Cover story. P. 15 autumn 2003.
  • Gübelin AG (Ed.): Rich is who has time. 150 years of Gübelin. An anniversary book . Lucerne 2004.
  • Gübelin AG (Ed.): Eduard Josef Gübelin. The life of the passionate gemologist. London: Unicorn Press 2014.
  • Franziska Greising: Thank you, good . Novel. Alpnach 2011.
  • N. Hays: Dr. Edward J. Gübelin . In: Focus , Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 5-20.
  • HP Jaeger: On the death of Eduard Gübelin. A world-class scientist . In: Neue Luzerner Zeitung , March 21, Lucerne 2005.
  • Tara J. Mc Kenna: Dr. Edward Gübelin Establishes Fund to Benefit Annual G&G Award . In: The Loupe . P. 29, summer 2003.
  • Traute von Steiger: "Always be one step ahead of the times" in the house of the times . In: Vaterland , No. 200, p. 14, August 29, 1980; Fatherland series with entrepreneur portraits (5): Walter Gübelin, Gübelin AG Lucerne.
  • Gübelin AG (Ed.): 125 years of Gübelin. 125 years, 5 generations, 1 dynasty. The managing directors of Gübelin 1854–1979 . Lucerne 1979.
  • FH Pough: Flower gardens in gemstones . In: Jewelers' Circular-Keystone , April 1975, p. 86. Book review of Eduard Gübelin's Internal World of Gemstones from 1974 at the ABC publishing house in Los Angeles.
  • Eduard Josef Gübelin: Letter from Mogok . Family owned. March 10, 1963.
  • Eduard Josef Gübelin: Postcards from Karibib, Muiane, Murrua and Bangkok . Corporate ownership. 1973/74.
  • Pough FH: European gem-testing laboratories . In: The Jewelers' Circular-Keystone , Vol. 119, No. 9, pp. 120, 122, 157-158, 160. 1949.
  • Dr. Gübelin's talk to Gemmological Association. Inclusions in Diamond . In: The Gemmologist. Original Journal of Gemmology . December 1951.
  • Mogok, Valley of the Rubies . Lecture at the Natural Science Society in Winterthur. In: Der Landbote , No. 291, December 11, 1968.

Web links

Individual evidence

  • Gübelin, Eduard Josef: Videotaped interview by DM Dirlam, March 30, GIA Oral History Project, Liddicoat Gemological Library and Information Center, Carlsbad, CA. 2001.
  1. New Yearbook for Mineralogy, Geology and Paleontology . Verlag E. Schweizerbart, 1940, page 268
  2. 1952 edition
  3. Franziska Greising: Thank you, good . Martin Wallimann Verlag, Alpnach 2011.
  4. Der Landbote , No. 291, December 11, 1968
  5. Berenblatt 1991, p. 30.