Eduard Morres

Eduard Otto Morres (born June 15, 1884 in Kronstadt , Transylvania , (then Kingdom of Hungary ), † February 7, 1980 in Zeiden ) was a painter , draftsman and art theorist .

Life

Eduard Morres was the son of Eduard Morres and Josefine Morres, geb. Hintz, and the oldest of five children. His parents belonged to the tradition-conscious, educated middle class of Kronstadt. In his hometown he attended the German Honterus High School . After graduating from high school in 1903, he went on a high school trip to the Orient, which took him from Constantinople along the eastern coast of the Mediterranean to Palestine and Egypt.

From 1903 to 1904 Morres completed a degree at the drawing teacher academy in Budapest , among others with professors László Hegedűs and Edvi Illés. In the period from 1904 to 1906 he studied at the Grand Ducal Saxon Art School in Weimar, among others in Ludwig von Hofmann's drawing class and in the landscape studies class with Theodor Hagen . Here he had received the grant for talented artists from the Grand Duke Wilhelm Ernst Foundation. From 1906 to 1908, Morres continued his studies at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich with Professors Hugo von Habermann (portrait painting), Peter Hahn (etching) and Ludwig von Löfftz (painting and drawing).

After his military service in Transylvania from 1909 to 1910, he studied in Paris, where he was in contact with painters from the Barbizon School who were already well-known at the time . When he returned to his homeland, he gave painting lessons. One of his most famous students was Grete Copony, later known as Grete Csaki-Copony . After a long period of painting in Deutsch-Weisskirch , Morres showed his first own exhibition in Kronstadt. Further painting stays and trips to Transylvania as well as to Prague, Krakow, Lemberg , Rome, Fiesole , Siena, Perugia, Assisi and Venice followed.

During the First World War , Morres served as a kuk lieutenant and first lieutenant. After the war a difficult time followed for him, but also a fruitful phase of his artistic work: painting stays in the Transylvanian mountains, lectures on German art and a rich journalistic activity, nude model drawing for a group of colleagues, collaboration at the then Burzenland Saxon Museum, Kronstadt .

Eduard Morres' home in Zeiden

In 1928 Morres traveled "on the trail of Gothic" in particular and painting in general through Austria and Germany. The last trip abroad took him to Germany in 1937 before moving with his family to Zeiden in 1942, where he spent the second half of his life.

In order to be able to support his family - he and his wife Marie Morres, b. Teutsch, two children - he kept taking on different jobs; so z. B. he was administrator in the paper mill Buşteni for ten years , he also took on commissioned work; thus numerous portraits were created. In 1946 he joined the newly founded union of visual artists (Sindicatul Artiştilor Plastici) as a freelance artist. Later he also became a member of Fondul Plastic and the Association of Romanian Visual Artists (Uniunea Artiştilor Plastici din România, UAP).

In 1956, Morres was one of the founders of the "Michael Königes Literature and Lecture Group" in his adopted home town of Zeiden, and was its honorary president until his death in 1980.

Rating

Eduard Morres was one of the most important artists in Romania. Today it can be said that “this painter was not only a milestone in the Transylvanian art scene, but also had a European format.” Significantly influenced by the open-air painting (also plein air painting) of the Barbizon school , “Eduard Morres [...] was a native painter , like, in a certain sense, some of his famous role models and "predecessors", Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller , Jean-François Millet , Adolph von Menzel , Franz von Defregger , Paul Cézanne , Wilhelm Leibl , Vincent van Gogh and others, in whose work the Nature and especially the genre prevail. ”The focus of his landscape paintings (oil paintings, watercolors and drawings) was“ the inner relationship to people, to the native nature and landscape ”, the“ Transylvanian microcosm ”[...] but“ it goes beyond the scope the romanticizing, sometimes sweetly kitschy and therefore often frowned upon by art critics "

Important exhibitions

Own exhibitions (selection)

Exhibition room of the Eduard Morres Foundation in Zeiden

• 1912: Own exhibition in the showroom of the municipal department store, Kronstadt ( Brașov ).
• 1914: Collective exhibition in the hall of the Sebastian-Hann-Verein, local group Hermannstadt ( Sibiu ).
• 1919: Blue Hall of the Redoute, Kronstadt - "Collective Exhibition Eduard Morres".
• 1920: Hall of the Sebastian-Hann-Verein, Hermannstadt.
• 1920: Auditorium of the Evangelical High School, Sibiu.
• 1921: Hall of the Saxon Casino, Kronstadt.
• 1921: Small Gallery Bucharest - "Collective Exhibition Eduard Morres".
• 1922: Showroom of the municipal department store, Kronstadt.
• 1923: Gallery in the ice pavilion, Sibiu, organizer: Sebastian-Hann-Verein, Sibiu local group.
• 1924: Art gallery in Schäßburg (Sighişoara).
• 1925: Klingsor Gallery, Kronstadt.
• 1927: Blue room of the Redoute, Kronstadt.
• 1927: Painting room of the Brukenthal Museum, Sibiu.
• 1932: Exhibition hall of the Brukenthal Museum, Sibiu.
• 1934: White Hall of the Redoute, Kronstadt
• 1937: Blue Room of the Redoute, Kronstadt.
• 1940: White room of the Redoute, Kronstadt.
• 1959: UAP hall, large “retrospective exhibition of the painter Eduard Morres” / “Expoziţia retrospectivă a pictorului Eduard Morres” (Organized by: Association of Visual Artists, Stalinstadt / Uniunea Artiştilor Plastici, Filiala Oraşul Stalin, Fondul Plastic).
• 1965: Hall of the Zeiden Culture House (Casa de cultură Codlea).
• 2014: Exhibition rooms in the Haus des Deutschen Ostens (HDO), Munich - "Reflections in light and shadow. Eduard Morres as a messenger of open-air painting."

Participation in group exhibitions (selection)

• 1912: Gallery of the “Műcsarnok” (Art Chamber), Budapest.
• 1913: Gallery of the “Műcsarnok”, Budapest.
• 1920: Maison d'Art Gallery, Bucharest.
• 1923: Joint exhibition with Fritz Mieß, foam room of the municipal department store, Kronstadt.
• 1932: Collective exhibition in the “Salonul Oficial”, Bucharest.
• 1937: “First comprehensive exhibition of German artists in Romania. Braşov - Kronstadt ",
• 1937: Gallery in the Scherg-Palais, Kronstadt.
• 1938: “Second overview of German artists in Romania. Braşov - Kronstadt ”, gallery in the Scherg-Palais, Kronstadt.
• 1939: "Art exhibition of the Kronstadt branch of the Association of German Artists of Romania (VDKR) for the Winter Relief Organization", Scherg-Palais, Kronstadt.
• 1941: "Second all-German art exhibition", Kronstadt.
• 1942: "Exhibition of the Kronstadt Artists" (Organizer: Chamber of Culture of the German Ethnic Group in Romania. Chamber of Fine Arts), Kronstadt.
• 1942: Neues Museum, Stuttgart; Kunstsaal in Saarbrücken, Diedenhofen / Lothringen - First major traveling exhibition “German Artists from Romania” (Organizer: Gauverband Württemberg des Volksbund for Germanness Abroad in the Memorial of German Achievement Abroad).
• 1943: "Exhibition of the Kronstadt artists in the exhibition halls of the ethnic group" (Organizer: Chamber of Culture of the German Ethnic Group in Romania. Chamber of Fine Arts), Kronstadt.
• 1944: Künstlerhaus, Vienna and Salzburg, then hall in the Breslauer Schloß, Breslau - second major traveling exhibition “Art Exhibition. German artists from Romania ”.
• 1947: Hall of the artists' union, 1947 painting exhibition of the union of visual artists, writers and journalists / “Expoziţia de pictură a pictorilor din Sindicatul mixes de Artişti-Scriitori şi Ziarişti pe anul 1947” (Organizer: District Council of the United Trade Unions, Kronstadt / Consiliul Jude Sindicatelor Unite din Braşov).
• 1949: UAP hall (Uniunea Artiştilor Plastici), painting exhibition by visual artists in Kronstadt / “Expoziţia de pictură a artiştilor plastici din Braşov”.
• 1954: UAP hall - annual exhibition of visual artists, Stalinstadt / "Expoziţia Anuală de Stat a Artelor plastice, Oraşul Stalin", Kronstadt.
• 1956: Hall of the UAP - regional exhibition of visual artists / "Expoziţia regională de artă plastică", Kronstadt.
• 1957: Hall of the UAP - regional exhibition of visual artists / "Expoziţia Regională de artă plastică", Kronstadt.
• 1962: Hall of the UAP - regional exhibition of visual artists / “Expoziţia regională de artă plastică”. (Organizer: District Committee for Culture and Art, Association of Visual Artists, Kronstadt / Comitetul Regional pentru Cultură şi Artă, Uniunea Artiştilor Plastici, Filiala Braşov), Kronstadt.
• 1975: Arta-Saal - painting and graphics / “Pictură si grafică”. Joint exhibition with Conrad Vollrath-Veleanu and Ion Vlădăreanu (organizers: District Committee for Culture and Socialist Education, Kronstadt, District Museum Kronstadt and Association of Fine Artists, Kronstadt / Comitetul de Cultură şi Educaţie Socialistă al Judeţului Braşov, Muzeul Judeţean, Filialunea Artşov ).
• 1978: Arta-Saal, collective exhibition of visual artists, Kronstadt.
• 1978: Gallery in the German cultural center “Friedrich Schiller” - “77 contemporary Romanian German artists exhibit” (organizer: Ingo Glass), Bucharest.

literature

Own writings

• Self-testimony. In: Adolf Meschendörfer (Ed.): From Kronstadt Gardens. Art life in a Saxon city in 1930. Krafft & Drotleff Verlag, Hermannstadt 1930, pp. 195–196.
• Separate ways. In: Karpatenrundschau. (Kronstadt), 7/35, August 30, 1974, p. 5.
• My way of life, 1974 (typescript).
• with Helfried Weiss and Harald Meschendörfer: Hans Eder - 90 years since his birth. In: Karpatenrundschau. (Kronstadt), 6/16, April 20, 1973, pp. 8-9.
• Vincent van Gogh. In: People and Culture. (Bucharest), 20/5, 1968, pp. 35-36.
• Eduard Morres, painter. Data for the artist lexicon. December 1947 (manuscript).
• Self-testimony (creed). In: From Kronstadt Gardens. Johann Gött Verlag, Kronstadt 1930, pp. 195–196.
• Diaries. Chronicle and other records, started i. J. 1910. Book I- XXIX. (20.VI.1910-20.V.1978, books III and XIV are missing).

Monographs, catalogs

• Brigitte Stephani: reflections in light and shadow. Eduard Morres as a messenger of open air painting. Exhibition catalog. Munich 2014, ISBN 978-3-927977-36-5 .
• Brigitte Stephani: Eduard Morres. A Transylvanian artist (1884–1980). Munich / Heidelberg 2006, ISBN 3-929848-57-0 .
• Mihai Nadin: Pictori din Brașov . Editura Meridiane, Bucharest 1975.

Studies, articles

• Claus Stephani: Once a day to the Palais du Louvre. Romanian artists in France / On a book by Gabriel Badea-Păun. In: General German newspaper for Romania. (Bucharest), December 30, 2015, p. 11.
• Gabriel Badea-Păun: Pictori români în Franța, 1834–1839. Noi Media Print, București 2012, ISBN 978-606-572-014-5 , p. 178.
• Brigitte Stephani: For the 130th birthday of the painter Eduard Morres. In: and - Das Münchner Kunstjournal. (Munich). Volume 31, issue 55, April – June 2014, p. 31.
• Brigitte Stephani: The rhythm of a landscape. To the diaries of Eduard Morres. In: Research on folklore and regional studies. Editura Academiei Române, Bucharest, Volume 49/2006, pp. 73-80.
• Gudrun-Liane Ittu: Eduard Morres - painter of European format . In: Transylvanian newspaper. (Munich), September 14, 2006.
• Brigitte Nussbächer (= Brigitte Stephani): The proximity of the Transylvanian landscape. On the 25th anniversary of the death of the draftsman and painter Eduard Morres . In: Transylvanian newspaper. (Munich), 55/5, March 31, 2005, p. 5.
• Doina Udrescu: German art from Transylvania in the collections of the Brukenthal Museum in Sibiu (1800–1950). 1st volume: painting, sculpture. Sibiu, 2003. About Eduard Morres, pp. 89, 195–196.
• Brigitte Nussbächer: "A forest like a cathedral". To the drawings by Eduard Morres. In: New Kronstädter Zeitung. (Munich), 18/1, March 26, 2002, pp. 6-7.
• Marius Joachim Tǎtaru: Eduard Morres - the uncompromising traditionalist. In: Transylvanian newspaper. (Munich), 44/9, June 15, 1994, p. 10.
• Rohtraut Wittstock-Reich: found a place in the homes of his compatriots. Dedicated to painting for seven decades. Noted after a visit to Eduard Morres. In: Brigitte Stephani (Ed.): They shaped our art. Studies and essays. Dacia Verlag, Cluj-Napoca 1985, pp. 217-219.
• Brigitte Stephani: On the 100th birthday of Eduard Morres. In: Tribuna României. The German side (Bucharest), 13/271, July 1, 1984, p. 14.
• Brigitte Nussbächer: Harmonious unity. The Eduard Morres Foundation. In: People and Culture. (Bucharest), 23/9, 1981, pp. 18-19.
• Franz Storch: Eduard Morres opens his painter's box ... Notes from a last conversation. In: People and Culture. (Bucharest), 32/3, 1980, pp. 12-15.
• Claus Werner (= Claus Stephani ): Clear foundation. Thoughts on Eduard Morres. In: New Literature. (Bucharest), 31/4, 1980, pp. 113-114.
• Rolf Schuller: Eduard Morres. The painter from Burzenland is 85 years old. In: Hermannstädter Zeitung. (Hermannstadt), 2/75, June 13, 1969, p. 7.
• Elisabeth Axmann : image of home. For the eightieth birthday of the painter Eduard Morres. In: New way. (Bucharest), 16/4700, June 12, 1964, p. 4.
• Claus Stephani : Visit to Eduard Morres. (Studio visit) In: New Literature. (Bucharest), 15/3, 1964, p. 147.
• I. Al. Bran-Lemeny: Pictura lui Eduard Morres. / The painting by Eduard Morres. In: Brașovul literary. June 1933, p. 118.
• I. Al. Bran-Lemeny: Pictorul Eduard Morres. / The painter Eduard Morres. In: Brașovul literary. April 1933, p. 92.
• Erhard Antoni: The Art of Eduard Morres'. To his Kronstadt exhibition. In: Kronstädter Zeitung. (Kronstadt), 94/259, 1930, p. 5.
• (-) Brăniştean: Interesantâ expoziție a d-lui Eduard Morres. / An interesting exhibition by Mr. Eduard Morres. In: Adevărul. December 10, 1920.

Individual evidence

1. ^ Eduard Morres (1851–1945). (PDF) Retrieved March 3, 2014 . 
2. ^ Gudrun-Liane Ittu: Eduard Morres: Painter of European format. In: Transylvanian newspaper. September 14, 2006, accessed March 3, 2014 . 
3. ↑ ^{a b} Brigitte Stephani: Eduard Morres. A Transylvanian artist (1884–1980) . 1st edition. Working group for Transylvanian cultural studies, 2006, ISBN 3-929848-57-0 , p. 50 .
4. ^ Brigitte Stephani: Eduard Morres. A Transylvanian artist (1884–1980) . 1st edition. Working group for Transylvanian cultural studies, 2006, ISBN 3-929848-57-0 , p. 48 .