Oak cone
| Oak cone | ||||||||||||
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Grammoptera ustulata after Reitter 1912 |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Grammoptera ustulata | ||||||||||||
| ( Schaller , 1783) |
The Oak flowers Bock ( Grammoptera ustulata ) is a beetle from the family of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae). The species is widespread in southern northern Europe as well as in central and southern Europe. It is one of 25 species of its genus in the Palearctic , five of which are found in Europe.
features
Characteristics of the adults
The oak blossom buck reaches a body length of 5 to 9 millimeters. The body is typically long. The species of the genus differ from Leptura by the extremely short cheek areas in front of the eyes, from Alosterna by the fine and dense puncturing of the wing covers and the less sharply constricted neck behind the temples. The upper side is colored black to black-brown and has conspicuously yellow-brown to olive-colored hairs. The elytra are elongated and solid brown with a black tip. The thorax is also black. The legs are black, only the tarsi are black. The antennae are also brown, at least the first antenna element is yellow.
From the two other species of the genus that are also widespread in Central Europe, the black cone ( Grammoptera abdominalis ) and the matt black cone ( Grammoptera ruficornis ), the oak cone is mainly distinguished by the brown color of the wing covers, which are black in those.
Characteristics of the larvae
The body and head of the larvae of the genus are similar to those of the genus Dinoptera ; however, the body is white instead of gray and has finer and shorter bristles. The larvae reach a length of about 11 to 14 millimeters with a width of the head capsule, which is concave on the sides, of about 2 millimeters. The body is more or less flattened. There are only three large stemmata on either side of the head capsule . The antennas are short and two-part, the third antenna element is missing. The rear edge of the pronotum has no bristles. The dorsal ampoule on the seventh abdominal segment is well developed and the ninth abdominal segment has no caudal spine at the end of the body.
distribution
The oak blossom buck is widespread in southern northern Europe as well as in central and southern Europe and from there across the Caucasus , Turkey and Iran . It can generally be found in Central Europe, only from Liechtenstein there is no evidence. In Germany and Austria it is found in all federal states and it is also considered widespread in Switzerland.
Way of life
The oak blossom buck lives mainly in low mountain and foothills and can often be found in areas exposed to heat in the area of deciduous forests and parks. It is classified as a thermophilic, i.e. heat-loving, species. The adults can be found from mid-April to June. The beetles visit the flowers of various shrubs and trees, including hawthorns ( Crataegus ), dogwood ( Cornus ), whitebeams ( Sorbus ), oaks ( Quercus ) and other woody plants and flowering herbs.
The larval development time probably takes a year. The animals are polyphagous and develop mainly in oaks, but also in linden ( Tilia ), maple ( Acer ), walnut ( Juglans regia ), hawthorn, alder ( Alnus ) and sweet chestnut ( Castanea sativa ). The beetle larvae live mainly in thin branches infected with fungi, sometimes as far as the treetops, and develop under the bark or in the white rotten wood. They are also found on living trees that are overgrown with fungi and lichens . A connection to the common bark sprinkler ( Vuilleminia comedens ) is possible. Pupation takes place in spring in the rotten wood or under the bark.
Systematics
Oak flowers block is an independent type of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae), where it is in the genus Grammoptera ( Audinet-Serville 1835 ) within the narrow blocks classified (Lepturinae). The first scientific description comes from the entomologist Johann Gottlieb Schaller , who described it as Leptura ustulata in 1782 . In addition to this species, the genus contains numerous other species. Other synonyms of the species are Leptura adusta ( Gmelin, 1790 ), Leptura praeusta ( Fabricius, 1787 nec Linnaeus, 1758 ) and Grammoptera praeusta ( (Fabricius) Mulsant, 1839 ) and Leptura splendida ( Herbst, 1784 ).
The name for the genus is derived from the Greek “ gramma ” for “line” and “ pteron ” for “ wing ”, which refers to the relatively narrow wings. The epithet " ustulatus " comes from Latin and means "somewhat tanned" and refers to the color of the wing covers.
supporting documents
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Species: Grammoptera ustulata (Stephens, 1831) - oak blossom buck ." In: Bernhard Klausnitzer, Ulrich Klausnitzer, Ekkehard Wachmann, Zdeněk Hromádko: Die longhorn beetles Central Europe . Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei 499, Volume 2, 4th edition. VerlagsKG Wolf, Magdeburg 2018, ISBN 978-389432-864-1 ; Pp. 389-390.
- ↑ a b c “20. Genus: Grammoptera Serville. “In: Edmund Reitter : Fauna Germanica. The beetles of the German Empire. KG Lutz, Stuttgart 1912; P. 15. ( digitized version )
- ↑ a b Bernhard Klausnitzer, Ulrich Klausnitzer, Ekkehard Wachmann, Zdeněk Hromádko: The longhorn beetles of Central Europe . Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei 499, Volume 1, 4th edition. VerlagsKG Wolf, Magdeburg 2018, ISBN 978-389432-864-1 ; Pp. 105-107
- ↑ Grammoptera ustulata. Fauna Europaea, accessed July 6, 2020 .
- ↑ Martin Rejzek, Karl Hadulla: Remarkable longhorn beetles in Rhineland-Palatinate and North Rhine-Westphalia (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Announcements of the Arbeitsgemeinsachft Rheinischer Koleopterologen (Bonn) 10 (1), 2000; Pp. 11-22. ( Full text ).
- ↑ Grammoptera abdominalis on biolib.cz; accessed on June 24, 2020.
literature
- "Species: Grammoptera ustulata (Stephens, 1831) - Oak Blossom Buck ." In: Bernhard Klausnitzer, Ulrich Klausnitzer, Ekkehard Wachmann, Zdeněk Hromádko: The longhorn beetles of Central Europe . Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei 499, Volume 2, 4th edition. VerlagsKG Wolf, Magdeburg 2018, ISBN 978-389432-864-1 ; Pp. 389-390.
