Oak ferns
| Oak ferns | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oak fern ( Gymnocarpium dryopteris ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Gymnocarpium | ||||||||||||
| Newman |
The oak ferns ( Gymnocarpium ) are a genus of ferns from the Woodsiaceae family . Of the eight species, three are also native to Europe.
description
The oak ferns are perennial plants with a long, thin, creeping rhizome .
Fertile and sterile fronds are designed the same and stand individually. They are doubly pinnate at least at the base, the pinnate are pinnately split. The lowest pair of plumage is larger than the following. The frond blade is triangular in outline, stalked about as long as it is broad and long. The veins end freely.
The Sori stand individually and away from the edge. They are mostly small. The veils are obsolete or absent.
Ruprechtsfarn ( Gymnocarpium robertianum )
Systematics
The genus consists of eight species. Those native to Europe are:
- Oak fern ( Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman ) is circumpolar.
- Ruprechtsfarn ( Gymnocarpium robertianum (Hoffm.) Newman ) is circumpolar.
-
Gymnocarpium jessoense (Koidz.) Koidz. , with circumpolar distribution, in Europe but only in Norway, Sweden and Finland. With two subspecies:
- Gymnocarpium jessoense (Koidz.) Koidz. subsp. jessoense , represents the species in North and Central Asia.
- Gymnocarpium jessoense subsp. parvulum Sarvela , in North America, Finland, Siberia, and Kazakhstan.
The other types are:
- Gymnocarpium appalachianum Pryer & Haufler , in eastern North America. It is endemic to the Appalachians.
- Gymnocarpium disjunctum (Rupr.) Ching , in western North America as well as in Kamchatka and Sakhalin .
- Fedchenko's oak fern ( Gymnocarpium fedtschenkoanum Pojark. ), In the mountains of Central Asia.
- Gymnocarpium oyamense (Baker) Ching : It occurs in northeast India, Japan, Nepal, New Guinea, the Philippines, Taiwan and China.
- Gymnocarpium remotepinnatum (Hayata) Ching : It occurs in Taiwan and northwestern Yunnan at altitudes between 2500 and 3400 meters above sea level.
The following hybrids are also known:
- Gymnocarpium × achriosporum Sarvela ( Gymnocarpium dryopteris × Gymnocarpium robertianum )
- Gymnocarpium × bipinnatifidum Miyam. ( Gymnocarpium oyamense × Gymnocarpium robertianum )
- Gymnocarpium × brittonianum (Sarvela) Pryer & Haufler ( Gymnocarpium disjunctum × Gymnocarpium dryopteris )
- Gymnocarpium × heterosporum W.H. Wagner ( Gymnocarpium appalachianum × Gymnocarpium robertianum )
- Gymnocarpium × intermedium Sarvela ( Gymnocarpium dryopteris × Gymnocarpium jessoense subsp. Parvulum )
swell
- Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
- Anthony Clive Jermy: Gymnocarpium Newman . In: TG Tutin, NA Burges, AO Chater, JR Edmondson, VH Heywood, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . 2nd, revised edition. Volume 1: Psilotaceae to Platanaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge / New York / Melbourne 1993, ISBN 0-521-41007-X , pp. 26 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
- Gymnocarpium at www.farndatenbank.de , accessed on November 18, 2012.
Individual evidence
- ↑ M. Christenhusz & E. von Raab-Straube (2013): Polypodiopsida. Datasheet Gymnocarpium In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
- ↑ a b c d e f g Michael Hassler, Bernd Schmitt: Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. ( Memento of the original from November 22, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Version 2.3, accessed November 18, 2012.
- ↑ a b c Kathleen M. Pryer: Gymnocarpium. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 2: Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 1993, ISBN 0-19-508242-7 , pp. 258–262 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search). , online.
- ↑ a b Zhongren Wang & Kathleen M. Pryer: Gymnocarpium Newman. - Same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 2-3: Cystopteridaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2010
- ↑ Jaakko Sarvela: A synopsis of the fern genus Gymnocarpium. In: Annales Botanici Fennici. Volume 15, No. 2, 1978, pp. 101-106.
Web links
Commons : Oak Ferns ( Gymnocarpium ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files
