Oak fern
| Oak fern | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oak fern ( Gymnocarpium dryopteris ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Gymnocarpium dryopteris | ||||||||||||
| ( L. ) Newman |
The oak fern ( Gymnocarpium dryopteris ) is a fern from the family of the eyelash plants (Woodsiaceae) native to Central Europe . In many plants it is still in the family of the fern family (Dryopteridaceae).
description
The oak fern is a perennial herbaceous plant with a long, thin, creeping rhizome . The plant reaches a stature height of 10 to 40 centimeters.
The petiole and the leaf spindle are glandless. The leaf blade is light green, thin and glabrous or with sparsely hairy glands. The blade consists of three to five main leaflets.
.jpg)
The sori are naked and stand near the edge of the leaf.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 160.
ecology
The oak fern is a rhizome - Geophyt , which grows mostly in larger herds. The spores spread like granular flyers over the wind. Spore ripening time is from July to August.
Vegetative reproduction takes place via the rhizome.
Occurrence
The oak fern has a circumpolar area with meridional / montane to arctic distribution and sub-oceanic tint. The species is common in Germany and Austria. The entire distribution area includes the countries of Europe as well as Turkey, Georgia, China, Japan, Eastern Siberia, Alaska, Canada and the United States.
The oak fern grows particularly in shady, acidic forests of the submontane to subalpine altitude range, but is also found in the lowlands and on the coast. In Central Europe it likes to grow in societies of the Fagion, but also the Adenostylion or the Piceion.
In the Allgäu Alps, it rises on the Diedamskopf in Vorarlberg up to 2080 m above sea level.
Taxonomy
The Oak Fern was in 1753 by Linnaeus in Species Plantarum under the Basionym Polypodium dryopteris L. first published . It was placed in the genus Gymnocarpium by Edward Newman in 1851 and received its recognized species name Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newm. Other synonyms are: Thelypteris dryopteris (L.) Sloss. , Phegopteris dryopteris (L.) Fée , Dryopteris disjuncta (Rupr.) CVMorton , Nephrodium dryopteris (L.) Michx. , Lastrea dryopteris (L.) Bory , Dryopteris linnaeana C.Chr.
swell
literature
- Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
- Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 7th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1994, ISBN 3-8252-1828-7 .
- Rudolf Schubert , Klaus Werner, Hermann Meusel (eds.): Excursion flora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 13th edition. tape 2 : vascular plants . People and knowledge, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-06-012539-2 .
- Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
- AC Jermy: Gymnocarpium. In: TG Tutin, NA Burges, AO Chater, JR Edmondson, VH Heywood, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . 2nd, revised edition. Volume 1: Psilotaceae to Platanaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge / New York / Melbourne 1993, ISBN 0-521-41007-X , pp. 26 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
- Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Gymnocarpium in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved March 6, 2019.
- ↑ Distribution map for Germany. In: Floraweb .
- ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. Page 82. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5
- ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 67.
- ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 2, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 1093, digitized
- ^ Edward Newman: Synoptical table of the british ferns. In: The Phytologist. A popular botanical miscellany. Volume 4, Appendix, p. Xxiv, digitized
Web links
- Oak fern. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Oak fern . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora .
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere from: Eric Hultén, Magnus Fries: Atlas of North European vascular plants. 1986, ISBN 3-87429-263-0 at Den virtuella floran. (swed.)
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
