Single-bulb honey orchis

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Single-bulb honey orchis
Single-bulb honey orchids (Herminium monorchis)

Single-bulb honey orchids ( Herminium monorchis )

Systematics
Family : Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily : Orchidoideae
Tribe : Orchideae
Sub tribus : Habenariinae
Genre : Honey Orchis ( Herminium )
Type : Single-bulb honey orchis
Scientific name
Herminium monorchis
( L. ) R.Br.

The single-bulb honey orchid ( Herminium monorchis ) is a species of the genus Herminium and thus the orchid family . It gives off a scent reminiscent of honey. It is a deciduous geophyte and is also known as the small single tuber because of its runners that form a tuber at each section. With these it can also reproduce vegetatively. The pollen is transferred to the flowers by skin and two-winged birds.

Occurrence and protection

Detail of the single flowers

The single-bulb honey orchid occurs only on calcareous, alternately fresh, semi-dry lawns and on alternately moist bog meadows. It is still scattered in the foothills of the Alps, but can only be found very rarely in the rest of Germany. Their stocks are currently in decline. Reasons for this include the increasing intensive grazing of poor grasslands, bush cover by abandoning extensive grazing, eutrophication of soils through fertilizer input and immissions, the mining and excavation of peat, afforestation and draining of moors.

Otherwise the orchid is only found in Europe and parts of Asia, where it is also endangered in places. Their range includes the temperate zones of Eurasia to the Himalayas. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises in the Tyrolean part on the southwest slope of the Muttekopf up to 1850 meters above sea level. According to Baumann and Künkele , the species has the following altitude limits in the Alpine countries: Germany 20–1350 meters, France 1–2000 meters, Switzerland 250–1900 meters, Liechtenstein 430–1480 meters, Austria 485–1800 meters, Italy 100–2400 meters, Slovenia 180–1600 meters. In Europe the species rises in the Russian Caucasus up to 2500 meters, in Tibert up to 4500 meters above sea level.

In Germany, the plant is particularly protected by the BArtSchV .

Honey orchids ( Herminium monorchis )

Identifying features

The inconspicuous single-bulb honey orchid blooms in June and July. It is only up to 30 cm tall and forms two opposite, rosette-like leaves that are ovate to narrowly lanceolate in shape. The single flowers are on a single stem in a loose, spiked inflorescence. The greenish yellow to pale yellow colored single flowers are bell-shaped. The tepals are drawn out in small corners. The unspired lip is three-lobed and has a long central lobe. The plant also develops characteristic tuberous runners.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 40.

Systematics

The genus Herminium L. includes almost 50 species. They occur in Eurasia. A list of the species can be found in R. Govaerts.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Eckehart J. Jäger, Klaus Werner (Ed.): Exkursionsflora von Deutschland . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 10th edited edition. tape 4 : Vascular Plants: Critical Volume . Elsevier, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich / Heidelberg 2005, ISBN 3-8274-1496-2 .
  2. ↑ a b c d Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Herminium. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 12, 2018.
  3. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 377.
  4. ↑ a b Helmut Baumann , Siegfried Künkele : Orchidaceae . In: Oskar Sebald u. a .: The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . 1st edition Volume 8, page 338. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1998. ISBN 3-8001-3359-8
  5. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 277.

Web links

Commons : Einknollige Honigorchis ( Herminium monorchis )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Distribution maps:

Regional links: