Iron birch

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Iron birch
Iron birch in the Arnold Arboretum

Iron birch in the Arnold Arboretum

Systematics
Rosids
Eurosiden I
Order : Beech-like (Fagales)
Family : Birch family (Betulaceae)
Genre : Birch trees ( betula )
Type : Iron birch
Scientific name
Betula schmidtii
rule

The iron birch ( Betula schmidtii ) or Schmidt birch is a medium sized tree of the genus of the birch in the family of birch family (Betulaceae). The distribution area is in Japan, Korea, China and in eastern Russia.

description

leaves
tribe

The iron birch is a thick-branched, hardwood tree up to 30 meters high with a black to dark brown bark that is split into small, thick panels. The warty, reddish-brown shoots are initially hairy with glands, but later bald. The leaves are egg-shaped, 4 to 8 inches long and 2.5 to 4.5 inches wide, pointed with a rounded to broadly wedge-shaped base and a finely and irregularly serrated edge . The upper side of the leaf is light green and initially slightly hairy, the underside is hairy that remains pressed down. 9 to 11 pairs of nerves are formed per leaf. The hairy petiole is about 4 to 8 millimeters long. The female inflorescences are upright, 2.5 to 3 centimeters long, obovate to cylindrical catkins , which usually grow alone, rarely in groups of two. The fruit scales are ciliate, the corners linear. The fruits are egg-shaped, slightly hairy wing nuts that are about 2 millimeters long and 1.5 millimeters wide. The wing is narrow.

The species blooms in June and fruit from July to August.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 56.

Distribution and ecology

The distribution area is in the Primorye region in Russia, in the Chinese provinces of Jilin and Liaoning , on the Japanese island of Honshū and in North Korea. There it grows in temperate, species-rich forests, at heights of 700 to 800 meters, on nutrient-rich, moderately dry to fresh, slightly acidic to alkaline soils in sunny to light-shaded locations. These are robust trees that are also common in cities. However, they avoid sandy and clayey soils. The species is usually frost hardy.

Systematics and research history

The iron birch ( Betula schmidtii ) is a kind of the genus of birch ( Betula ) in the family of birch family (Betulaceae). It was first described in 1865 by Eduard August von Regel in the Bulletin de la Société Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou. Moscow .

use

The species is rarely used because of its wood.

proof

literature

  • Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Purpose, properties and use. With a winter key from Bernd Schulz. 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , p. 143.
  • Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Volume 4: Cycadaceae through Fagaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 , pp. 308 (English).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b German names after Roloff et al .: Flora der Gehölze , p. 143
  2. ↑ a b c Roloff et al .: Flora of the Woods , p. 143
  3. ^ A b Liguo Fu, Nan Li, Thomas S. Elias, Robert R. Mill: Betula schmidtii . In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Volume 4: Cycadaceae through Fagaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 , pp. 308 (English).
  4. ↑ Betula schmidtii at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  5. ↑ a b Betula schmidtii. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, accessed December 29, 2011 .

Web links

Commons : Iron Birch ( Betula schmidtii )  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files