Elven Warbler
| Elven Warbler | ||||||||||||
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Elven Warbler ( Setophaga pitiayumi ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Setophaga pitiayumi | ||||||||||||
| ( Vieillot , 1817) |
The Elfenwald singer ( Setophaga pitiayumi , Syn. : Parula pitiayumi ) is a small bird from the kind of tree Waldsänger ( Setophaga ) in the family of Waldsänger (Parulidae).
Elven warblers are around eleven centimeters tall. The upper side plumage is mostly blue-gray with greenish spots; the underside plumage yellow, which ends orange towards the chest. There are two white wing rods on the wing covers. The black head plumage in the male is absent in the female. Females generally have duller plumage.
Elven warbler feed mainly on insects and spiders . Occasionally, berries are also included.
The breeding areas are in the north and south of Mexico across Central America to the north of Argentina and on to Trinidad and Tobago . Elven warbler are one of the few forest warbler species that do not migrate from their breeding areas over the winter. Exceptions are the birds that have their breeding areas further north.
Systematics
The Elfenwald singer is next to the Warbler ( Setophaga americana ), the fire Waldsänger ( Oreothlypis gutturalis ) and the jewelery Waldsänger ( Oreothlypis superciliosa ) one of four types, the earlier in the genus Parula were performed. Although the Wood Warbler and Great Warbler are actually sister species of each other, it has been shown that these two are most closely related to the wood warbler species of the former genus Dendroica , with which they are now listed together in the genus Setophaga . The other two species are closely related to each other, but within the wood warbler they are quite remote from the wood warbler.
According to the IOU, the following nine subspecies are currently (2018) distinguished for the Elven Warbler:
- S. p. nigrilora ( Coues , 1878) - (southern border of the USA and eastern Mexico)
- S. p. pulchra ( Brewster , 1889) - (West Mexico)
- S. p. insularis ( Lawrence , 1871) - (Tres Marias Islands off West Mexico)
- S. p. graysoni ( Ridgway , 1887) - (Socorro and Revillagigedo Islands off western Mexico)
- S. p. inornata ( SF Baird , 1864) - (South Mexico to Panama and Northwest Colombia)
- S. p. cirrha ( Wetmore , 1957) - (Coiba Island off Panama)
- S. p. pacifica ( from Berlepsch & Taczanowski , 1884) - (Southwest Colombia to Northwest Peru)
- S. p. alarum ( Chapman , 1924) - (Eastern Ecuador and Northern Peru)
- S. p. pitiayumi ( Vieillot , 1817) - (large parts of South America)
literature
- Jon Curson, David Quinn, David Beadle: New World Warblers. Helm, London 1994, ISBN 0-7136-3932-6 .
Web links
- Setophaga pitiayumi inthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018.1. Listed by: BirdLife International, 2016. Retrieved November 15, 2018.
- Videos, photos and sound recordings of Setophaga pitiayumi in the Internet Bird Collection
Individual evidence
- ↑ Irby J. Lovette, Jorge L. Pérez-Emán, John P. Sullivan, Richard C. Banks, Isabella Fiorentino, Sergio Córdoba-Córdoba, María Echeverry-Galvis, F. Keith Barker, Kevin J. Burns, John Klicka, Scott M. Lanyon & Eldredge Bermingham: A comprehensive multilocus phylogeny for the wood-warblers and a revised classification of the Parulidae (Aves) . In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . tape 57 , 2010, p. 753-770 , doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2010.07.018 .
- ^ Frank Gill & David Donsker, IOC World Bird List v 8.2 : New World warblers, mitrospingid tanagers