Enoicyla pusilla
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Enoicyla pusilla , male |
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| ( Burmeister , 1839) |
Enoicyla pusilla is a caddis fly from the Limnephilidae family .
features
The adult caddis flies have a length of 5–6 mm. Your body is dark brown. They have had antennae for a long time . The females are almost wingless, they only have rudiments of the wings. The males have more or less hairy wings. The hairs and wing veins are brownish, the wings themselves transparent. These are laid in a roof-like manner on the animals' abdomen.
The larva is whitish in color with a brown head capsule. On the back of the first trunk segment ( pronotum ) there is a large sclerite , also brown in color , which is divided by a fine, light center line, the small sclerite that is actually typical of the family is missing on the third segment. The head and pronotum have a rough, granular (granulated) surface. The first abdominal segment has a large, pointed hump, as is typical for caddis-fly larvae with a case, and two small side humps next to it. In adaptation to the terrestrial way of life, the larva lacks the tubular tracheal gills present in almost all other larvae of the Limnephilidae family . From the larva of Enoicylareichenbachii , the larva can be distinguished by the darker color of the head, the lack of secondary hair on the back of the head and features of the bristling ( chaetotaxia ). In addition, the quiver is less often made of plant material, often entirely of grains of sand.
The larvae of the genus Enoicyla live terrestrial and occasionally for Psychidae - or Coleophoriden held sacks. The larvae of all other Central European Trichoptera species, on the other hand, live aquatic. The quivers have a maximum (in April) a length of 8–9 mm and a diameter of 1.5–2 mm. They consist of grains of sand bound with silk and tiny particles from the leaf litter.
In Central Europe, in addition to Enoicyla pusilla , the genus Enoicyla also includes the species Enoicylareichenbachii .
distribution
Enoicyla pusilla occurs in the western Palearctic . In Europe, their occurrence ranges from the Iberian Peninsula via Italy and France to Central Europe and Denmark. The species has its eastern limit of distribution in Central Europe, to the east of which it is replaced in a vicarious distribution by its sister species Enoicylareichenbachii . This border lies roughly on the line Szczecin - Berlin - Southern Black Forest - Lake Lucerne . In the narrow contact area of the two species they occasionally occur together ( sympatric ). In England the species occurs only in the western Midlands in the area of Wyre Forest , where it was probably introduced from mainland Europe.
Way of life
The adult caddis flies appear in autumn. The females lay their eggs shortly afterwards. The larvae hatch after about 2-3 weeks. These go through 5 larval stages. The larvae are mostly found in the leaf litter and on tree trunks and are active between January and the end of July. Annual fluctuations in population size were observed. These are possibly due to the weather (precipitation) in October and November, the time in which the larvae hatch.
literature
- Gerhard Eisenbeis, Wilfried Wichard: Atlas on the Biology of Soil Arthropods. Springer Verlag, Berlin etc., 1987. ISBN 978-3-642-72636-1 (Original: Atlas for the biology of soil arthropods. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, 1985). Cape. 2.22.1: The terrestrial Caddisfly: Enoicyla pusilla (Limnephilidae).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Enoicyla pusilla . www.commanster.eu. Retrieved January 5, 2019.
- ↑ a b Wolfram Mey (1983): The terrestrial larvae of the genus Enoicyla Rambur in Central Europe and their distribution. German entomological journal NF 30: 115-122.
- ↑ a b Identification aid: Trichoptera (caddis flies) . Lepiforum e. V .. Retrieved January 5, 2019.
- ↑ a b Enoicyla pusilla in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved January 5, 2019
- ↑ Enoicyla pusilla in the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
- ↑ a b c DJL Harding: Distribution and population dynamics of a litter-dwelling caddis, Enoicyla pusilla (Trichoptera) . Applied Soil Ecology Volume 9, Issues 1-3, September 1, 1998, Pages 203-208. Retrieved January 5, 2019.
Web links
- Caddis flies (Trichoptera) in "The fly fishing site of Jürgen Gaul"