Common velvet foot rubble

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Common velvet foot rubble
XN Flammulina velutipes 473.jpg

Common velvet foot rubble ( Flammulina velutipes )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : Agaricomycetidae
Order : Mushroom-like (Agaricales)
Family : Physalacriaceae
Genre : Velvet foot calves ( Flammulina )
Type : Common velvet foot rubble
Scientific name
Flammulina velutipes
( Curtis  : Fr. ) Singer

The common velvet foot root ( Flammulina velutipes , Syn .: Collybia velutipes ) is a species of fungus from the Physalacriaceae family. It is an edible mushroom , is also cultivated in East Asia and marketed there as Enoki . The small, frost-resistant fruiting bodies grow in natural locations in the winter months at cool temperatures, which is why the species is also called winter mushroom . In contrast, the common names Samtfuß or Samtfußrubling refer to the velvety handle.

features

  • The fruiting bodies form 2–10 cm wide, thin-fleshed and greasy hats of honey-yellow to red-brown color with a darker center.
  • The fibrous, tough, ringless stalks , hollow when old, are 3–8 cm long, yellowish above, dark brown to olive-black below, velvety tomentose, often flattened and narrowed like roots. The twisted structure of the stem fibers is also characteristic.
  • The lamellae are white to pale yellow.
  • The spore powder is white.

Species delimitation

Other velvet foot calves

In addition to the common velvet foot rubble, there are other generic representatives, some of which are very similar and can only be determined microscopically. Some species can also be distinguished from one another by their seasonal occurrence and their habitat .

Stick sponges or poison hats

Inexperienced collectors can confuse the common velvet foot with the edible stick sponge or the dangerous poison hatchling . The clearest distinguishing feature is the velvety, always ringless stem of the velvet foot root.

ecology

From September to April, the velvet root is often found in abundance on stumps, trunks (also on living trees) and fallen branches of deciduous trees, very rarely also on conifers, and occasionally on underground wood. The velvet root shows a particular preference for the genera Salix ( willow ), Populus ( poplar ), Fraxinus ( ash ) and elder , often also for elm species damaged by the " Dutch elm disease " .

distribution

Its geographic distribution includes both temperate and cold regions in the northern hemisphere such as China , Siberia , Asia Minor , Europe , North America and Japan, and Australia in the southern hemisphere.

meaning

Edible mushroom

Grown in bottles with the exclusion of light, the common velvet root ( F. velutipes ) develops long-stemmed, colorless fruiting bodies

The velvet foot rubble has a special meaning in Japanese cuisine, there known as "Enokitake" or "Enoki" for short, where it is the most widely grown edible mushroom after Shiitake . A total of around 100,000 tons of this mushroom are produced. This means that the velvet foot rubble ranks sixth worldwide in the ranking of the most widely grown edible mushrooms. It is also one of the medicinal mushrooms , but is less important.

In Europe, too, the velvet root mushroom is well known to mushroom connoisseurs as a tasty edible mushroom that occurs especially in the cold season when the other fungal flora has largely stopped growing due to the winter cold.

cultivation

The velvet foot rubble was one of the first edible mushrooms to be specifically cultivated. Its cultivation was first mentioned in the late Tang Dynasty in the Chinese Empire between the years 800 and 900. It has been handed down that at that time ripe fruit bodies were rubbed on fresh tree stumps, with good prospects of being able to expect a mushroom harvest at these places later.

Research projects

The simple cultivation of the saprotrophic common velvet foot root led to Flammulina velutipes becoming a popular object in scientific research. In 1993 the mushroom took part in the Spacelab mission D-2 , in which u. a. the influence of gravity on the growth of higher fungi was investigated.

swell

literature

  • The great mushroom atlas . Könemann, Cologne, 1999. ISBN 3-8290-1726-X .
  • Hobbs, Christopher: Medicinal Mushrooms . Botanica Press, Santa Cruz, 1995.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Volker D. Kern, B. Hock: Gravimorphogenesis and ultrastructure of the fungus Flammulina velutipes grown in space, on clinostats and under hyper-G conditions . In: Life and Gravity: Physiological and Morphological Responses 17 (6-7). 1996. pp. 183-186. doi : 10.1016 / 0273-1177 (95) 00633-P .
  2. ↑ David Moore, Bertold Hock, John P. Greening, Volker D. Kern, Lilyann Novak Frazer, Jan Monzer: Gravimorphogenesis in agarics. In: Mycological Research 100 (3). 1996. pp. 257-275. doi : 10.1016 / S0953-7562 (96) 80152-3

Web links

Commons : Common velvet foot fever ( Flammulina velutipes )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files