Entoloma subg. Inocephalus

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Entoloma subg. Inocephalus
Cross-pored felt rötling (Entoloma conferendum)

Cross-pored felt rötling ( Entoloma conferendum )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : Agaricomycetidae
Order : Mushroom-like (Agaricales)
Family : Red bloom relatives (Entolomataceae)
Genre : Red rot ( Entoloma )
Subgenus : Entoloma subg. Inocephalus
Scientific name
Entoloma subg. Inocephalus
( Noordel. ) PD Orton

Entoloma subg. Inocephalus , also known as felt red rot , is a subgenus of the genus of red rot , which is divided into the seven sections Calliderma , Erophila , Hispidula , Inocephalus , Phlebophora , Staurospora and Tristia .

The type species is Entoloma inocephalum .

features

The subgenus Inocephalus includes species with helmlings -, more rarely knightly like fruit bodies. The hat is fibrous, scaly or felty. The hat skin is a trichoderm or hymeniderm . The pigment is mostly exclusively intracellular, rarely also encrusting . Buckles are usually present.

Systematics

In 1981 Machiel Evert Noordeloos described Inocephalus as a subgenus of Entoloma .

Calliderma section

The species in the Calliderma section have fruiting bodies whose cap skin is a hymeniderm made up of short, inflated elements.

Section Erophila

In the Erophila section , species with fruiting bodies are grouped whose hat is shaded a little brown, fibrous, tomentose or clearly scaly and sometimes structured with micaceous particles. The stem has either a smooth or fibrous surface. Cheilocystidae are absent or appear sporadically and then have a cylindrical or slender club shape. The species often fructify in spring, but some also or only in autumn.

This section contains a small group of very similar species, which are primarily separated by spore size, presence or absence of cystidia, and in the field by stem surface. Most species ( Entoloma brunneoflocculosum , Opaque Rötling, Roughened Filz-Rötling and Mouse-Gray Filz-Rötling) are very rare, which is why little is known about their variability. Future studies may reduce the number of species. The Helle Filz-Rotling has an external similarity to the representatives of the section Erophila , but differs in the pigmentation and is probably not closely related to them. Entoloma milleri is known only from the arctic archipelago of Svalbard (Norway).

Section Hispidula

The fruiting body habitus of the species from the Hispidula section is reminiscent of small cracked fungus species with a fibrous to hairy hat, dark lamellae and a hairy stalk. The pigment is intracellular, parietal, or encrusting, sometimes a combination of these types. There are buckles on the hyphae septa.

The taxonomic position of the Hispidula section is somewhat problematic. It was briefly placed in the subgenus Inocephalus due to the hairy hats , but the encrusting pigment, which is often observed in the top layer of the hat, is rather absent in the subgenus. The species of the subgenus Pouzarella section Pouzarella include fruiting bodies with a similar habitus, but differ in a distinctive combination of characteristics: strongly encrusted hyphae in all parts of the fruiting body, often with necropigment in the hymenium, long and encrusted cheilocystids and missing cheilocystids.

Section of Inocephalus

The Inocephalus section includes species with gray or brown tinted fruiting bodies. The cheilocystids are bottle-shaped or head-shaped.

Phlebophora section

In the Phlebophora section there are species whose fruiting bodies have a strongly veined cap and are reminiscent of some roof fungi .

Section Staurospora

The special spore shape gave the cross-pored felt redling ( Entoloma conferendum ) its name.

The species of the section Staurospora have square or cross-star-shaped spores.

Tristia section

The species of the Tristia section usually have very dark brown to almost black fruit bodies. The stem is usually smooth and more or less polished. The surface of the hat is smooth, grooved or not at the edge, more rarely opaque and finely fibrous or covered in plush, especially in the middle. The hat skin is a cutis, often with transitions to a trichoderm - especially in the center - consisting of inflated end cells that can exceed 10 µm in width. The pigment is intracellular. The hat meat is composed of long, spindle-shaped elements, as is typical of the subgenus Nolanea . Cheilocystidae are absent or present, then clearly differentiated club-shaped, bottle-shaped or head-shaped. The spores often have an irregular shape and are polygonal. The hymenium hyphae septa have buckles.

Originally, this section contained only a few species with the Tristen Rötling and the Welligsporigen Glöckling, which were housed in a subsection of the Endochromonema section . Later the realization grew that the useless Glöckling should also have been placed in this subsection because of the existence of well-differentiated cheilocystides. The increasing knowledge of the variability of the species, especially in the useless Glöckling, and the discovery of Winterhoff's Rötling and Entoloma ranciodorum made it necessary to expand the scope of the Tristia subsection until it no longer fit into the current concept of the Endochromonema section . Wölfel & Noordeloos recommended a section status for the group and suggested moving the section to the subgenus Inocephalus .

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literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Erhard Ludwig: Pilzkompendium, Vol. 2: Descriptions. The larger genera of the Agaricales with colored spore powder (except Cortinariaceae) . Fungicon Verlag, Berlin. 2007. pp. 293-294. ISBN 978-3-940-31601-1 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Machiel Evert Noordeloos : Entoloma sl Supplemento . Fungi Europaei, Vol. 5A. Massimo Candusso, Saronno (Italy). 2004. ISBN 8-890-10574-7 .
  3. ↑ Machiel Evert Noordeloos : Entoloma subgenera Entoloma and Allocybe in the Netherlands and adjacent regions with a reconnaissance of its remaining taxa in Europe . In: Persoonia 11. 1981. pp. 153-236.
  4. ↑ Machiel Evert Noordeloos : Entoloma subgenus Nolanea in the Netherlands and adjacent regions with a reconnaissance of its remaining taxa in Europe . In: Persoonia 10. 1980. pp. 427-543.
  5. ↑ Gerhard Wölfel, Machiel Evert Noordeloos : Entoloma triste and closely related species . In: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde 6. 1997. pp. 23–33.