Helmlings

Helmling is a redirect to this article. Further meanings are listed under Helmling (disambiguation) .

Helmlings
Pink Radish Helmling ( Mycena rosea )
Systematics
Subdivision : Agaricomycotina Class : Agaricomycetes Subclass : Agaricomycetidae Order : Mushroom-like (Agaricales) Family : Helmling relatives (Mycenaceae) Genre : Helmlings
Scientific name
Mycena
( Pers. ) Roussel

The helmlings ( Mycena ) are a genus of fungi with small fruiting bodies from the helmling relatives family . The genus contains over 100 species in Europe alone. Usually they are small to tiny, tender-skinned mushrooms. They live saprotrophically on the ground or on dead wood. Some Mycena have beautifully colored hats, others stand out for their colored fins cutting, because the person sitting on them Zystiden pigments. There are also helmets which, when injured, secrete a white or colored milky sap and species show bioluminescence .

features

Macroscopic features

The appearance of the fruiting bodies is like a helmeting or nabling and in rare cases also like a carrot. Helmet-like means that the fruiting bodies are small and delicate and have a bell-shaped to conical hat and a long, slender stem. The hat is thin and grooved in most species. The surface of the hat is bare, flaky, fluffy, grainy or frosted. Sometimes the hat is covered with a gelatinous, peelable membrane. The lamellas are usually ascending, horizontal or arched and almost freely or narrowly attached to the stem or slightly sloping down. The spore powder is whitish. The stem can be fragile, cartilaginous or elastic-hard. The stem surface is partially or completely frosted, fluffy or bare. Sometimes the base of the stalk is enlarged to a disc or it is hairy and hairy. When injured, a milky juice emerges from the fruit bodies of some species, the presence and color of which are important determinants.

Microscopic features

The basidia have two or four pores. The spores are usually apple seed or teardrop-shaped, more rarely almost cylindrical or spherical and mostly amyloid . Few species of helmet ring have inamyloid spores. They are smooth and have no germ pore .

A microscopically important feature is the shape of the cheilocystid , which, in contrast to the pleurocystid, is almost always present. They can be club-shaped, upside-down pear-shaped, spindle-shaped or bottle-shaped or, less often, cylindrical. They are smooth, simply spindle-shaped or branched or they have differently shaped, simple or branched outgrowths, so that they can look "hedgehog-brushy" or "antler-like branched". The pleurocystids can be numerous, rare or absent.

The hyphae of the hat skin (Pileipellis) are mostly branched and rarely smooth. The hyphae of the pedunculate cortex are smooth or sagging and sometimes have specially shaped end cells or caulocystids . The Lamellen trama is colored purple-brown with Melzer reagent (iodine solution), only in a few cases it is not colored.

species

The genus is very species-rich, well over 300 species are known. About 100 species are common in Germany.

Helmlinge ( Mycena ) in Germany

German name Scientific name Algerian helmling Mycena algeriensis Ash gray helmling Mycena cinerella Bitter Helmling Mycena erubescens Blue-footed Helmling Mycena cyanorrhiza Bow-leaved helmling Mycena speirea Brown-edged meadow helmling Mycena olivaceomarginata Broad-leaved helmling Mycena latifolia Beech Helmling Mycena fagetorum Beech leaf helmling Mycena capillaris Colorful helmling Mycena inclinata Fragrant radish helmling Mycena diosma Thin-handled helmling Mycena urania Oak Gall Helmling Mycena rhenana Monochrome helmet Mycena concolor Distant-leaved thread helmling Mycena lohwagii False bark helmling Mycena pseudocorticola Fern helmling Mycena pterigena Almost adorned Helmling Mycena pseudopicta Spruce cone helmling Mycena plumipes Felt-handled helmet Mycena capillaripes Flesh-colored radish helmling Mycena pearsoniana Flesh-colored radish helmling Mycena pseudopura Flaky bark helmling Mycena corynephora Spring Helmling Mycena niveipes Folded disc helmet liner Mycena mucor Spotted Helmling Mycena maculata Yellow-orange milked helmling Mycena crocata Yellow-edged Helmling Mycena citrinomarginata Yellow-edged Helmling Mycena olivaceobrunnea Yellow-stemmed nitrate helmet Mycena renati Common radish helmling Mycena pura Grooved bark helmet Mycena mirata Adorned Helmling Mycena amicta Antler-cystid-hoop helmling Mycena lasiosperma Yellowing Helmling Mycena flavescens Gray-leaved soot helmling Mycena aetitis Gray nitrate helmling Mycena leptocephala Big Blood Helmling Mycena haematopus Large Schleimfuß-Helmling Mycena clavicularis Large spore helmling Mycena megaspora Green-tailed Helmling Mycena viridimarginata Conical helmling Mycena metata Glutinous bark helmling Mycena pachyderma Sticky Helmling Mycena vulgaris Bulbous rush helmet Mycena bulbosa Royal Fern Helmling Mycena alphitophora Spheroidal disc helmling Mycena clavularis Easily perishable helmling Mycena smithiana Lovely bark helmet Mycena venustula Purple-edged Helmling Mycena purpureofusca Mycena atrochalybaea Mycena atrochalybaea Mycena tenuispinosa Mycena tenuispinosa Mycena tephrophylla Mycena tephrophylla Mycena winterhoffii Mycena winterhoffii Mycena xantholeuca Mycena xantholeuca Nut Helmling Mycena nucicola Olive yellow helmling Mycena arcangeliana Orange-red helmling Mycena acicula Orange-edged Helmling Mycena aurantiomarginata Papilla Helmling Mycena atropapillata Pedestal Helmling Mycena stylobates Crimson-edged Blood Helmling Mycena sanguinolenta Rancid bark helmling Mycena olida Grooved helmling Mycena polygramma Pink radish helmling Mycena rosea Pink-leaved helmling Mycena galericulata Pink-edged Helmling Mycena rosella Pink and white helmet Mycena tubarioides Rust-stained Helmling Mycena zephirus Reddish bark helmling Mycena meliigena Red-edged Helmling Mycena rubromarginata Reed Helmling Mycena belliae Stretchable helmet liner Mycena epipterygia Slippery Helmling Mycena laevigata Greasy Helmling Mycena epipterygia var. Viscosa Snow flower helmling Mycena flos-nivium Black-toothed radish helmling Mycena pelianthina Ufer-Helmling Mycena riparia Bent-handled Helmling Mycena supina Four-pore nitrate helmling Mycena stipata var. Stipata Leading Helmling Mycena abramsii Cylindrical helmling Mycena picta White bark helmling Mycena alba White milk helmling Mycena galopus Winter Helmling Mycena tintinnabulum Winter bark helmling Mycena hiemalis Tiny oak leaf helmling Mycena polyadelpha Tender helmling Mycena adscendens Fragile thread helmling Mycena filopes Two-pore nitrate helmet Mycena silvae-nigra

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  Leading helmling
  Mycena abramsii

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  Orange-red helmling Mycena acicula

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  Pink-leaved helmling
  Mycena galericulata

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  White-milk helmling
  Mycena galopus

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  Stretchable Mycena epipterygia helmet
  

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  Great Blood Helmling
  Mycena haematopus

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  Multi-colored helmling Mycena inclinata

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  Mycena interrupta

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  Yellow-stemmed nitrate helmling
  Mycena renati

Systematics

Some species with inamyloid spores and trama were separated due to phylogenetic studies and placed in the genus Atheniella , including the coral red ( A. adonis ) and the white-yellow helmling ( A. flavoalba ). The genus Atheniella is not in the family Mycenaceae but in the family Porotheleaceae .

literature

• Giovanni Robich: Mycena d'Europa. AMB Fondazione Centro Studi Micologici, 2003.
• RA Maas Geesteranus: Mycenas of the Northern Hemisphere. 2 volumes, Sciences, The Netherlands, 1992, ISBN 0-444-85757-5 .
• Alexander Hanchett Smith: North American species of mycena. University of Michigan Press, 1947 ( online version )

Web links

Commons : Helmlinge ( Mycena )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• The Mycena Page, extensive site with information on almost all species

Individual evidence

1. ^ PB Matheny et al .: Major clades of Agaricales: a multilocus phylogenetic overview . In: Mycological Society of America (Ed.): Mycologia . Vol. 98, No. 6 , 2006, ISSN  0027-5514 (English, online [PDF]).
2. ↑ Ewald Gerhart (Hrsg.): Pilze Volume 1: Lamellar mushrooms, deafblings, milklings and other groups with lamellae (=  Spectrum of Nature BLV Intersivführer . Volume 1 ). BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, Munich / Vienna / Zurich 1984, ISBN 3-405-12927-3 , p. 125 .
3. ↑ Arne Aronsen: What is a Mycena? A key to the Mycenas of Norway. (No longer available online.) In: Mycena Page / home.online.no. Archived from the original on January 31, 2012 ; accessed on December 7, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.   
4. ↑ Jerry Cooper: NZ species in Mycenella, Hemimycena, Atheniella and Mycena pp. (suborder Marasmineae incertae sedis). In: Mycological Notes. December 3, 2016, accessed June 20, 2020 .