White and yellow helmling

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White and yellow helmling
2012-11-06 Mycena (Pers.) Roussel 280902.jpg

White and yellow helmling ( Atheniella flavoalba )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : Agaricomycetidae
Order : Mushroom-like (Agaricales)
Family : Porotheleaceae
Genre : Atheniella
Type : White and yellow helmling
Scientific name
Atheniella flavoalba
( Fr. ) Redhead, Moncalvo, Vilgalys, Desjardin & BA Perry

The white-yellow or lemon- yellow helmling ( Atheniella flavoalba , syn .: Mycena flavoalba ) is a species of fungus from the Porotheleaceae family . It is a rather small, pale yellow colored mushroom with a more or less vivid yellow center of the hat. Its spores are inamyloid . The fruiting bodies usually appear gregarious in forests and meadows from May to November.

features

Macroscopic features

The hat is 1–2 cm wide, conical to bell-shaped and later flatly arched. With age the edge is finally curved upwards. The middle of the hat often has a small papilla , which makes the hat look like a pointed cap. The hat is pale yellow to lemon yellow, with the middle usually being much stronger in color. The edge of the hat is translucent and roughly grooved.

The whitish lamellae , some of which are a bit distant, are bulging on the stem. They can have a pink glow at times. The lamellar blades are the same color and the spore powder is white.

The long and thin-looking, cylindrical stem is 4–6 (8) cm long and about 0.2 cm wide. It is hollow and pale yellow in color or almost colorlessly translucent. The smooth stem surface is completely finely frosted by cystids . The thin, translucent yellowish flesh is quite tough and elastic and excretes a water-clear juice when injured. The mushroom smells and tastes inconspicuous.

Microscopic features

The elliptical, inamyloid spores measure 5.5–9.5 × 3.5–4.5 µm. The smooth cheilocystids are bulbous to bottle-shaped and often have an elongated neck. The cap skin is relatively short hyphy, in between are thinner hyphae that have many small appendages.

Species delimitation

The relatively common yellow and white Helmling can be recognized relatively easily with some experience. However, microscopic features must also be used for a reliable determination. The inamyloid spores are a particularly important feature . Other important features are the dry handle and the uncolored, lamellar blades of the same color.

The stretchable helmet ( Mycena epipterygia ) can look quite similar. Its lamellar blade can be pulled off as a gelatinous thread with a needle and its handle is covered with a rubber-like, elastic skin.

ecology

The yellow-white Helmling is primarily a species of the mesophilic red beech and fir-beech forests. It is sometimes found in hornbeam-oak and ash-sycamore-maple-shady slope forests as well as occasionally in honeydew, pedunculate oak, oak, field elm and alder forests . It has also been found in pine and spruce forests. It also occurs on the edges of forests and bushes, on semi and fully dry lawns and on meadows that are not too heavily fertilized, often moss-rich, as well as on roadsides and in parks.

The fungus lives saprobion table on rotting leaves or needles, as well as on dead, heavily pulverized wood. But it can also grow directly on earth. He loves light, grassy or mossy areas on predominantly neutral to alkaline, fresh soils that are well supplied with bases and nutrients and are loosely humorous. He uses hardwood and coniferous wood almost equally as a substrate, especially that of red beech and spruce. The fruiting bodies appear from the end of July to the end of November, they are rarely found earlier, but stragglers can be found until the beginning of January in mild weather.

distribution

European countries with found evidence of the white and yellow helmet ring.
Legend:
green = countries with found reports
cream white = countries without evidence
light gray = no data
dark gray = non-European countries.

The fungus has been found in North Asia (Israel, Caucasus), South America, North America (USA), the Canary Islands, North Africa (Algeria, Tunisia) and Europe. In the Holarctic it is meridional to boreal . In southern Europe you can find it from Spain to Romania. In the west it is found in France, the Benelux countries (common to fairly common) and in Great Britain, where it becomes rarer northwards, but is widespread as far as the Hebrides . It is rare on the Irish island. It occurs in all of Central Europe and in Fennoscandinavia and in Estonia in the northeast. In Finland its range extends northwards to the 69th parallel. In Germany the species is distributed quite differently. From the coastal areas to about the Main line, it is rather patchy and scattered, while in southern Germany and into the Alps it is moderate and in some areas even extremely widespread.

Systematics and variability

The "glass stem helmet ( Mycena floridula )" is a pink form of the white and yellow helmet ring.

The white and yellow helmling used to be counted among the helmets ( Mycena ). Due to phylogenetic studies, it was placed in the genus Atheniella together with some other species . They are in the family of the Porotheleaceae and thus quite far from the Helmlingen (family Mycenaceae ).

Specimens with a pink-colored hat were formerly known as glass-stemmed helmets ( Mycena floridula ). The taxon turned out to be invalid and from 1990 onwards it was listed as a likely synonym of the coral red helmeting ( Atheniella adonis ). Phylogenetic studies from 2016 then showed that the glass stem helmet is to be regarded as the color form of the white and yellow helmet ring. Transitional forms are possible and mushrooms that are pink when young can fade to yellow.

meaning

The yellow and white Helmling is not an edible mushroom.

swell

  • Paul Kirk: Mycena flavoalba. In: Species Fungorum. Retrieved January 10, 2014 .
  • Mycena flavoalba. In: MycoBank.org. International Mycological Association, accessed January 10, 2014 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Marcel Bon : Parey's book of mushrooms . Kosmos, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp.  182 (English: The mushrooms and tools of Britain and Northwestern Europe . Translated by Till R. Lohmeyer).
  2. ↑ a b c Ewald Gerhardt: Mushrooms. Volume 1: Lamellar mushrooms, pigeons, milklings and other groups with lamellas (=  spectrum of nature / BLV intensive guide ). BLV, Munich / Vienna / Zurich 1984, ISBN 3-405-12927-3 , p. 128 .
  3. ↑ Karin Montag: White- yellow Helmling Mycena flavoalba In the virtual mushroom book. In: Tintling.com . Retrieved January 13, 2014 .
  4. ↑ a b c German Josef Krieglsteiner (ed.), Andreas Gminder : Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 3: Mushrooms. Blattpilze I. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3536-1 , p. 387.
  5. ↑ Rapportsystemet för växter: Mycena flavoalba. In: artportalen.se. Archived from the original on August 15, 2012 ; accessed on January 10, 2014 .
  6. ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Mycena flavoalba. Retrieved January 10, 2014 .
  7. ↑ Torbjørn Borgen, Steen A. Elborne, Henning Knudsen: Arctic and Alpine Mycology . Ed .: David Boertmann, Henning Knudsen. tape 6 , 2006, ISBN 978-87-635-1277-0 , A checklist of the Greenland basidiomycetes, p. 37–59 ( online [accessed March 29, 2015] Museum Tusculanum Press, page 56).
  8. ↑ Zdenko Tkalcec & Mesic Armin: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia. I. Families Pleurotaceae and Tricholomataceae. In: Mycotaxon . Vol: 81, 2002, pp. 113-176 (English, cybertruffle.org.uk ). cybertruffle.org.uk ( Memento from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  9. ^ Mycena flavoalba (Fr.) Quél., 1872. In: gbif.org. November 6, 2019, accessed November 6, 2019 .
  10. ^ Georgios I. Zervakis et al .: Mycodiversity studies in selected ecosystems of Greece: II. Macrofungi associated with conifers in the Taygetos Mountain (Peloponnese). In: Mycotaxon . Vol 83 :, 2002, p. 97-126 ( cybertruffle.org.uk ). cybertruffle.org.uk ( Memento from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  11. ^ S. Petkovski: National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia . In: Acta Botanica Croatica . 2009 ( PDF, 1.6MB ( Memento from February 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) [accessed January 10, 2014]). National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia ( Memento from February 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  12. ↑ Grid map of Mycena flavoalba. In: NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk. Retrieved January 10, 2014 .
  13. ↑ Mycena flavoalba. Pilzoek database, accessed January 10, 2014 .
  14. ↑ Mycena floridula. Retrieved June 20, 2020 .
  15. ↑ Arne Aronsen, Ellen Larsson: Studier i släktet Mycena - 2 Mycena floridula - en färgvariant av Mycena flavoalba (gulvit hätta). In: Svensk Mykologisk Tidskrift. Mikael Jeppson, Hjalmar Croneborg, Jan Nilsson, 2016, accessed June 20, 2020 (Swedish).

Web links

Commons : Weißgelber Helmling ( Mycena flavoalba )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files