Big Blood Helmling

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Big Blood Helmling
Mycena haematopus.jpg

Great blood helmling ( Mycena haematopus )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : Agaricomycetidae
Order : Mushroom-like (Agaricales)
Family : Helmling relatives (Mycenaceae)
Genre : Helmlinge ( Mycena )
Type : Big Blood Helmling
Scientific name
Mycena haematopus
( Pers  .: Fr. ) P. Kumm.

The great blood helmling ( Mycena haematopus ) is a type of mushroom from the family of helming relatives (Mycenaceae). The purple-brown to flesh-brown, inedible fungus excretes a reddish juice when injured. The fruiting bodies of the saprobion table- living fungus usually appear in clusters on hardwood between April and October.

features

Macroscopic features

The hat is 1–3 cm wide, hemispherical when young, soon conical-bell-shaped and often hunched. The hat skin is bald, dull and fleshy or purple-brown. The middle is usually darker in color and the edge is grooved translucent, with slightly protruding, serrated-fringed hat skin.

The distant lamellae are bulged on the handle or run down with a tooth. They are whitish to pale gray-pink when young, later darker and spotted dark red in injured areas. The blade edges are smooth and the spore powder is white.

The cylindrical and inside hollow stalk is 4-8 cm long and 1-3 mm wide. It is smooth, often lightly powdered or frosted and pinkish-brown or colored like the hat. At the base it is often dark brown red to blood red in color.

The fruiting bodies usually grow in tufts and excrete a dark-red to brown-red liquid when they are freshly injured. The meat is thin, tastes a bit pungent-radish-like and is almost odorless.

Microscopic features

The round to broadly elliptical or apple seed-like spores are 8–11 µm long and 5–7 µm wide, smooth and amyloid . The four-pore, club-shaped basidia are 30–37 µm long and 8–11 µm wide. The cheilocystids are spindle-shaped to bulbous and have a long, beak-like neck, which can rarely be a little branched. They are 36–70 µm long and 9–15 µm wide and form a sterile band on the blade edges. Their contents can be colored red-brown. The pleurocystids are - if present - similar. In the dextrinoid lamellar trama, the microscopically visible, plump milk hyphae are striking. With Melzer's reagent, the Trama turns wine-red in color.

The hyphae of the hat skin ( Pileipellis ) are 2–4.5 µm wide and covered with diverticulate (sac-like) outgrowths. The hyphae of the cortical layer of the stalk are 2–3.5 µm wide and smooth. The caulocystids measure 20–55 × 3.5–12.5 µm and usually occur in clusters. They are club-shaped to irregularly shaped or branched to very roughly diverticulated. Buckle connections are abundant.

Species delimitation

The species is well characterized by the blood-red milky sap, only the very common purple-edged blood helmling ( M. sanguinolenta ) can look quite similar. But it is more delicate and has a dark red blade edge that is clearly visible with a magnifying glass. Its milky sap becomes very sparse with age and can only be seen when the base of the stem is squeezed. The yellow-milky helmling ( M. crocata ) can also have a certain similarity . The milk that emerges from this helmet is saffron-colored and the bright red stem stands in striking contrast to the white-curled stem base.

ecology

The saprophytic fungus usually grows in small clusters on dead trunks, branches, and stumps of hardwood. It is often found on red beech, very rarely on coniferous wood. The fruiting bodies appear between April to October.

distribution

Distribution of the Great Blood Helmet in Europe. Countries in which the Milchling was detected are colored green, countries without detection are white. Countries with no sources or countries outside Europe are shown in gray.

The helmling is widespread throughout the Holarctic . It has been found in North Asia (Japan, North and South Korea), North America (USA) and Europe. In southern Europe it occurs from Spain to Greece. In Western Europe, it is widespread and quite common in the Benelux and Great Britain and Ireland. The Helmling can also be found all over Central Europe. In Northern Europe, the fungus is likely to be found throughout Fennoscandinavia. In Norway it can be found as far as the North Cape and in Sweden as far as northern Lapland.

The blood helmets are also widespread and quite common in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.

Systematics

The Great Blood Helmling was first described as Agaricus haematopus by Christian Hendrik Persoon in his work "Observationes mycologicae" in 1799 . 1871 put in Paul Kummer in the genus Mycena , so that the Helmling got its current scientific species name. M. haematopus is the only representative of the Galactopoda ( Earle ) Maas Geest section. The species attribute ( epithet ) " haematopus " is derived from the ancient Greek words hāīmatos (blood) and pōūs (foot) and is an allusion to the blood-red colored stem.

Subspecies and varieties

Lange (1914) describes a M. haematopus var. Marginata , a variety that is characterized by its reddish-brown lamellar edges and cheilocystid content. However, some mycologists question the value of this variety, as the characteristic of the lamellar edge coloration is too variable within the species to be taxonomically relevant.

meaning

The small, thin-fleshed mushroom is not an edible mushroom.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Synonyms of Mycena haematopus. (Pers.) P. Kumm., Lead. Mushroom (Zwickau): 108 (1871). In: SpeciesFungorum / speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved April 30, 2012 .
  2. ↑ a b Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 180 .
  3. ↑ Hans E. Laux (Ed.): The Cosmos PilzAtlas . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-10622-5 , p. 92 .
  4. ↑ a b Arne Aronsen: Mycena haematopus (pers.) P. Kumm. (No longer available online.) In: Mycena Page / home.online.no. Archived from the original on October 12, 2010 ; Retrieved June 12, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / home.online.no
  5. ↑ Ewald Gerhardt (Ed.): Pilze (=  Spectrum of Nature, BLV Intersivführer . Volume 1 : lamellar fungi, pigeons, milklings and other groups with lamellae). BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, Munich / Vienna / Zurich 1984, ISBN 3-405-12927-3 , p. 126 .
  6. ↑ a b Worldwide distribution of Mycena haematopus. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on December 2, 2013 ; Retrieved April 30, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / data.gbif.org
  7. ↑ Mycena haematopus. Pilzoek database, accessed June 13, 2012 .
  8. ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Mycena haematopus. Retrieved June 12, 2012 (English, Quite often).
  9. ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev, Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( mycotaxon.com [PDF; 592 kB ]).
  10. ↑ Zdenko Tkalcec & Mesic Armin: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia. I. Families Pleurotaceae and Tricholomataceae. In: Mycotaxon . Vol. 81, 2002, pp. 113-176 ( cybertruffle.org.uk ).
  11. ^ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description [Mycena haematopus]. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved June 13, 2012 .
  12. ^ A b DM Dimou, GI Zervakis, E. Polemis: Mycodiversity studies in selected ecosystems of Greece: I. Macrofungi from the southernmost Fagus forest in the Balkans (Oxya Mountain, central Greece) . In: [Mycotaxon] . Vol: 82, 2002, pp. 193, 201 ( online ). online ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cybertruffle.org.uk
  13. ↑ Grid map of Mycena haematopus. In: NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk. Archived from the original on December 24, 2012 ; accessed on June 17, 2012 (English).
  14. ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas online: Mycena haematopus. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved June 12, 2012 .
  15. ^ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Mycena haematopus. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved June 12, 2012 .
  16. ↑ Reporting system for vekster: Mycena haematopus. (No longer available online.) In: artsobservasjoner.no. Archived from the original on March 24, 2012 ; Retrieved June 12, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.artsobservasjoner.no
  17. ↑ Rapportsystemet för växter: Mycena haematopus. (No longer available online.) In: artportalen.se. Archived from the original on August 15, 2012 ; Retrieved June 17, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.artportalen.se
  18. ↑ Mushroom Distribution Atlas - Germany. In: Pilzkartierung 2000 Online / brd.pilzkartierung.de. Retrieved April 30, 2012 .
  19. ^ Database of mushrooms in Austria. In: austria.mykodata.net. Austrian Mycological Society, accessed April 30, 2012 .
  20. ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved June 13, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wsl.ch
  21. ↑ Persoon, Christiaan Henrik: Observationes mycologicae . Ed .: PP Wolf [Lipsiae]. 1799, p. 56 ( gallica.bnf.fr - part 2 - seu descriptiones tam novorum, quam notabilium fungorum exhibitae).
  22. ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names from Reitter 's Fauna Germanica . Ed .: KG Lutz. Stuttgart 1917, p. 35-81 ( zeno.org ).

Web links

Commons : Großer Blut-Helmling ( Mycena haematopus )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files