Yellow-orange milked helmling

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Yellow-orange milked helmling
Mycena crocata.jpg

Yellow-orange-milked helmling ( Mycena crocata )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : Agaricomycetidae
Order : Mushroom-like (Agaricales)
Family : Helmling relatives (Mycenaceae)
Genre : Helmlinge ( Mycena )
Type : Yellow-orange milked helmling
Scientific name
Mycena crocata
( Schrad  .: Fr. ) P.Kumm.

The yellow-orange-milk helmling ( Mycena crocata ) is an inedible species of mushroom from the family of helming relatives (Mycenaceae). It is yellow to gray-brown in color and excretes an orange-yellow milk when injured. The fruiting bodies appear in the beech forest from May to November. The Helmling lives saprobion table on dead branches and twigs, as well as on fallen leaves. It is also called the yellow-milk helmling or red-milk helmling .

features

Macroscopic features

The hat is 1–2.5 cm wide, conical when young, soon spread out bell-shaped and slightly hunched. The surface is bare, moist, smooth and shiny, dry silky-matt and grooved to about the middle. The hat is gray-yellow to gray-brown in color and often spotted orange. The parting is darker.

The lamellas are bulged on the handle. They are white and often spotted with orange, the sheaths are the same color, the spore powder is creamy white.

The long, thin, and stiff stem is 4–12 cm long and 0.1–0.2 cm wide. It is cylindrical and hollow and yellowish to pale gray in the upper part. Towards the bottom it is bright red-yellow to yellow-brown. The stem base is white or yellow curry and often has weak roots.

The thin, watery flesh immediately excretes plenty of saffron-yellow milk when injured. The Helmling has no noticeable odor and a mild, inconspicuous taste.

Microscopic features

The elliptical, smooth and amyloid spores are 7–11 µm long and 4–6 µm wide. The cystids are club-shaped and brush-shaped.

ecology

The yellow-orange-milk helmling is a character species of the red beech and noble deciduous forests (Tilio-Acerion pseudoplatani). In the grove beech forest , the species occurs rarely and only in more alkaline and in the orchid beech forest only in more humid formations. Only occasionally does it occur together with common beech in the star chickweed oak and hornbeam forests and hardwood meadows . The saprobiont grows solitary to gregarious, sometimes even almost furiously on lying, sometimes buried, rotten trunks, branches, twigs and leaves. It prefers air-humid locations and likes fresh to ooze-damp, neutral to alkaline, moderately to strongly alkaline and nutrient-rich, but not too nitrogen-rich, loose humus soils, over limestone, basalt or base-rich plutonites . The Helmling grows almost exclusively on European beech, only very rarely on other deciduous trees such as ash , willow or oak . The fruiting bodies appear from August to November, rarely earlier.

distribution

European countries with evidence of finding of the yellow-orange-milked helmet ring.
Legend:
green = countries with found reports
cream white = countries without evidence
light gray = no data
dark gray = non-European countries.

The yellow-orange-milk helmling has been found in Asia (Caucasus, Japan, South Korea), North America (rare USA), South America, North Africa (Algeria) and Europe.

In the Holarctic it is meridional to temperate and oceanic to suboceanic . Its distribution area in Europe is largely tied to the European beech . In southern and southeastern Europe, the Helmling was found in Spain, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Romania and in the Crimea. In Greece it is quite common in the beech forests there. In Western Europe it was found in France, the Benelux countries and England, but it is missing on the Irish island. But it occurs all over Central Europe and in the east its distribution area extends to Belarus. In the north it is only common in southern Scandinavia. In Sweden does not exceed the 59th parallel to the north.

meaning

Due to its small, thin fruiting bodies, the helmling does not play a role as an edible mushroom.

swell

  • Paul Kirk: Mycena crocata. In: Species Fungorum. Retrieved January 4, 2014 .
  • Mycena crocata. In: MycoBank.org. International Mycological Association, accessed January 4, 2014 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Marcel Bon : Parey's book of mushrooms . Kosmos, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 180 (English: The mushrooms and tools of Britain and Northwestern Europe . Translated by Till R. Lohmeyer).
  2. ↑ a b c Hans E. Laux: The new cosmos mushroom atlas . 1st edition. Kosmos, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-07229-0 .
  3. ↑ Karin Monday: mycena crocata Mycena crocata In virtual mushroom book. In: Tintling.com . Retrieved January 4, 2014 .
  4. ↑ a b c d German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder : Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 3: Mushrooms. Blattpilze I. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3536-1 , p. 434.
  5. ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev & Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( online [PDF]).
  6. ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Mycena crocata. Retrieved January 5, 2014 .
  7. ↑ Zdenko Tkalcec & Mesic Armin: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia. I. Families Pleurotaceae and Tricholomataceae. In: Mycotaxon . Vol: 81, 2002, pp. 113-176 (English, cybertruffle.org.uk ).
  8. ^ A b Worldwide distribution of Mycena crocata. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on January 7, 2014 ; Retrieved January 5, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / data.gbif.org
  9. ^ DM Dimou, GI Zervakis & E. Polemis: Mycodiversity studies in selected ecosystems of Greece: I. Macrofungi from the southernmost Fagus forest in the Balkans (Oxya Mountain, central Greece). In: Mycotaxon . Vol: 82, 2002, pp. 177-205 (English, cybertruffle.org.uk ).
  10. ↑ Grid map of Mycena crocata. In: NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk. Retrieved January 5, 2014 .
  11. ↑ Mycena crocata. Pilzoek database, accessed January 5, 2014 .
  12. ^ TV Andrianova et al .: Mycena crocata. Fungi of Ukraine. In: www.cybertruffle.org.uk/ukrafung/eng. Retrieved January 5, 2014 .
  13. ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas online: Mycena crocata. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved January 5, 2014 .

Web links

Commons : Gelborangemilchender Helmling ( Mycena crocata )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files
  • Mycena crocata. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved on January 4, 2014 (Italian, photos of the yellow-orange-milked Helmling).
  • Wolfgang Bachmeier: Yellow-orange-milk helmling (Mycena crocata). In: www.123pilze.de / pilzseite.de. Retrieved January 4, 2014 .
  • Arne Aronsen: Mycena crocata. A key to the Mycenas of Norway. In: Mycena Page / home.online.no. Retrieved January 7, 2014 .