Common radish helmling
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Common radish helmling ( Mycena pura ) |
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| Mycena pura | ||||||||||||
| ( Pers. ) Kumm. (1871) |
The common radish helmling ( Mycena pura ) is a very common, slightly poisonous mushroom from the family of helming relatives (Mycenaceae).
features
Macroscopic features
The hat measures 1.5 to 5, rarely up to 8 centimeters in diameter, is initially conical, later arched to spread out. It usually has a blunt hump created by a concentric depression and sometimes a curved edge. Its edge is usually grooved translucent, the surface is smooth and shiny and changes its appearance when damp ( hygrophanity ). The color is typically pale lilac, but extremely variable with sometimes all possible shades of pink, yellow-whitish, reddish, flesh-colored, violet, bluish-gray ... The lamellae are a little paler than the surface of the hat, broad, connected with veins at the base, are mixed in and mixed are bulged on the stem. Their cutting edges are bulbous and slightly notched. The stem is 4 to 7 centimeters long and 2 to 8 millimeters thick, is brittle and finely grained, full-fleshed when young, then stuffed and later hollow and thickened towards the base. The color is similar to that of the hat surface or paler. The meat is very thin, brittle, watery, mostly gray-purple in color and smells and tastes characteristic of radish.
Microscopic features
The spores are translucent ( hyaline ), long ellipsoidal, smooth and measure 5 to 8.5, rarely up to 10 to 2.5 to 4.5 micrometers. They can be stained with iodine reagents ( amyloidy ). Four of them grow on the basidia . Cheilo- and Pleuro Zystiden are rarely up in abundance and measure 40 to 70 to 10 to 20 micrometers.
Species delimitation
Other radish-smelling helmlings as well as the fragrant, black-toothed and pink radish helmling ( Mycena rosea ), a color variant of the earth-leaved crack fungus ( Inocybe geophylla ) and some lacquer funnel-shaped can be used for confusion . The scented radish helmetling ( Mycena diosma ) smells sweet, flower-like, like cigar boxes or even like incense and probably has particularly few pleurocystides. The pink radish helmling ( Mycena rosea ) has bell-shaped, non-concentrically recessed hats. The black-toothed radish helmling ( Mycena pelianthina ) has black lamellar edges.
Ecology and diffusion
It lives as a saprobiont in deciduous and coniferous forests and is pH-indifferent. It is probably distributed worldwide and is one of the most common mushrooms in Europe. It fructifies from May to November.
Toxicology, Ingredients and Usage
The radish helmets all possibly contain different, small amounts of the psychoactive poison muscarin among the color variants and have hardly any substance. They are therefore hardly suitable for simple eating purposes. The toxicity is controversial. In the past, the mushroom was listed as an edible species in mushroom books, today as (slightly) poisonous. It may produce largely physiologically inactive muscarinic isomers. In a current study, no muscarin could be detected in var. Rosea (pink radish helmling). Furthermore, accumulates it boron on.
Systematics and taxonomy
The official first description comes from Christian Hendrik Persoon , who described it as Agaricus prunus in a work published in 1794 . The current scientific name and classification go back to Paul Kummer's "Guide to Mushroom Science" published in 1871.
Among other things, because the fruit bodies appear very variable, many varieties and forms of the fungus have been described, but even experts cannot reliably tell apart:
- Alba Gillet variety
- Variety carnea rea
- Variety ianthina Gillet
- Variety lutea Gillet
- Variety luteorosa Bon
- Variety multicolored Bresadola
- Variety purpurea Gillet
- Variety rosea (Persoon) JE Lange
- Variety roseoviolacea Gillet "roseo-violacea"
- Variety violacea Gillet
- Form alba (Gillet) Arnold's
- Form ianthina (Gillet) Maas Geesteranus
- Form lutea (Gillet) Arnold's
has yellowish hats and purple stems - Form multicolor
has gray-blue-greenish hats and purple-pink stems - Form purpurea (Gillet) Maas Geesteranus
- Form roseoviolacea (Gillet) Maas
- Form subaquosa
has white fruiting bodies with purple lamellae - Form violacea
It is assumed that the species has to be divided upon closer phylogenetic genetic testing. In a genetic investigation of the ribosomal hereditary material, distinct strains could be identified, which, however, do not correspond to macroscopic features such as the color of the hat. Environmental influences are therefore assumed to be the cause of the color variations. Among other things, the aforementioned scented radish helmetling ( Mycena diosma ) is supported as an independent species. It differs according to the original authors, German Josef Krieglsteiner and Helmut Schwöbel (in a publication published in 1982), through particularly violet-zoned hat colors, violet slats and the smell of cigar boxes; According to the above-mentioned genetic investigation, the sparseness of the pleurocystids was a phylogenetically robust trait among all members of the group, but the smell or the colors, on the other hand, could not always be reliable distinguishing features.
swell
literature
- Alexander Hanchett Smith: North American species of Mycena . University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, pp. 187 ff . (English, umich.edu ).
Individual evidence
- ^ Index Fungorum
- ↑ Hans E. Laux: The great cosmos mushroom guide. All edible mushrooms with their poisonous doppelgangers. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-440-08457-4 , p. 214.
- ↑ Hans E. Laux: Edible mushrooms and their poisonous doppelgangers . Collect mushrooms - the right way. Kosmos Verlags-GmbH, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 978-3-440-10240-4 , p. 48 .
- ↑ Markus Flück: Which mushroom is that? 3. Edition. Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-440-11561-9 , pp. 215 .
- ↑ Common radish helmling (Mycena pura) in the Encyclopedia of Life . Retrieved on August 11, 2017 ./
- ^ Surveys by the Austrian Mycological Society
- ↑ René Josef Stadelmann, Conrad Hans Eugster , Emil Müller: About the spread of the stereomeric muscarins within the order of the Agaricales . In: Helvetica Chimica Acta . tape 59 , no. 7 , November 3, 1976, pp. 2432-2436 , doi : 10.1002 / hlca.19760590718 .
- ↑ Silke Peters, Peter Spiteller: The Mycenarubins A and B, Red Pyrroloquinoline Alkaloids from the Mushroom Mycena rosea . In: European Journal of Organic Chemistry . tape 2007 , no. 10 , December 21, 2006, p. 1571–1576 , doi : 10.1002 / ejoc.200600826 (English).
- ^ Y. Vetter: Boron content of edible mushrooms of Hungary . In: Journal of Food Study and Research . tape 201 , no. 6 , December 1995, pp. 524-527 , PMID 8585328 .
- ↑ Paul Kummer: The guide to mushroom science . Instructions for the methodical, easy and reliable determination of the fungi occurring in Germany with the exception of mold and all too tiny slime and core fungi. Verlag von E. Luppe's Buchhandlung, Zerbst 1871, p. 107 ( archive.org ).
- ↑ Christoffer Bugge Harder, Thomas Læssøe, Rasmus Kjøller, Tobias G. Frøslev: A comparison between ITS phylogenetic relationships and morphological species recognition within Mycena sect. Calodontes in Northern Europe . In: Mycological Progress . tape 9 , no. 3 . Springer, S. 395-405 , doi : 10.1007 / s11557-009-0648-7 (English).
