Earth-leaved crack fungus
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Earth-leaved crack fungus ( Inocybe geophylla ) |
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| ( Pers. ) P. Kumm. |
The Erdblättrige Risspilz or Silky Risspilz ( Inocybe geophylla ) is a common poisonous mushroom from the family of the crack fungus relatives (Inocybaceae). The fruit body is small, white and with a hunched hat.
features
The hat reaches 1 to 4 centimeters in diameter and is initially conical before expanding into a curved shape with a pronounced hump. The surface is white or cream-colored and fibrous-silky. The brims of the hat are young, curved in front of the screen and connected to the stem by a partial covering of hair veil ( Cortina ). Some of them are bent upwards with age and can tear (→ “Risspilz”). The thin stem is 1 to 6 centimeters high and 3 to 6 millimeters thick. The Cortina does not leave a ring. The crowded lamellas are attached to the stem or almost free-standing and cream-colored when young, before they darken to a brownish, eponymous earth-color with the ripening spores. The cutting edges are bulbous and remain whitish. The spore powder print is ocher brown. The meat tastes sharp. The faint odor has been compared to flour or damp earth or even described as spermatic.
The ellipsoidal to almond-shaped spores are smooth and measure about 7.5 to 10 by 4.5 to 6 micrometers. There are numerous crystal-bearing (metuloid) cystids that are swollen halfway along the length and have a truncated end of up to 70 by 20 micrometers.
Species delimitation
The similar white-pink crack fungus ( Inocybe whitei ) turns red when pressure is applied and injured. The white crack fungus ( Inocybe fibrosa ) has larger and more strongly built fruit bodies. There are other small, white mushrooms from other genera that may appear similar at first glance, but which differ significantly in terms of smell, spore color or other characteristics.
Distribution and ecology
The earth-leaved crack fungus is common and widespread in Europe and North America. It lives in mycorrhizal symbioses in deciduous and coniferous forests and avoids lime. It is fruiting from June to November in grassy spots, near paths or waterways, or often on rich, bare earth that has been churned up along roadsides.
toxicology
Like many crack fungi, Inocybe geophylla contains muscarin . The symptoms are those of muscarinic poisoning, namely greatly increased salivation , perspiration ( sweating ) and watery eyes within 15 to 30 minutes of ingestion. At high doses, these symptoms may be followed by abdominal pain , severe nausea , diarrhea , blurred vision, and shortness of breath. The symptoms of intoxication generally subside within two hours. Delirium does not occur. The specific antidote is atropine . With the onset of symptoms promptly, induction of vomiting is also advisable to remove fungal material. Deaths due to consumption of this species are not documented. The mushroom is often ignored by mushroom pickers due to its small size.
Taxonomy
The official first description of the species as Agaricus geophyllus can be found in a work by mycologist Christian Hendrik Persoon published in 1801 . Paul Kummer gave it its current scientific name in his "Guide to Mushroom Science" published in 1871. Its species epithet is derived from the ancient Greek terms “geo-” for “earth” and “phyllon” for “leaf”.
Different varieties have been described, including var. Lateritia with reddish fruiting bodies. The purple silky crack fungus ( Inocybe lilacina ) was and is partly listed as the variety lilacina or violacea . Phylogenetic genetic analyzes show a clear differentiation from Inocybe geophylla .
Web links
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- ^ A b Roger Phillips: Mushrooms and Other Fungi of Great Britain and Europe . MacMillan, London 1981, ISBN 978-0-330-26441-9 , pp. 220 (English).
- ↑ a b Sven Nilson, Olle Persson (Coauthor), Bo Mossberg (Illustrator): Fungi of Northern Europe 2: Gill-Fungi . Penguin, 1978, ISBN 978-0-14-063006-0 , pp. 98 (English).
- ↑ a b David Arora: Mushrooms Demystified . a Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi. Ten Speed Press, Berkeley, California 1986, ISBN 0-89815-169-4 , pp. 460 (English).
- ↑ Hans E. Laux: The great cosmos mushroom guide. All edible mushrooms with their poisonous doppelgangers. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-440-08457-4 , p. 342.
- ↑ Markus Flück: Which mushroom is that? 3. Edition. Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-440-11561-9 , pp. 282 f .
- ^ A b Hans Haas, G. Gossner, A. Leutscher: The Young Specialist looks at Fungi . Burke Publishing, 1969, ISBN 978-0-222-79409-3 , pp. 122 (English).
- ↑ Thomas Laessoe: Mushrooms . The visual guide to over 500 species of mushroom from around the world. Dorling Kindersley Publishers Ltd., 1998, ISBN 978-0-7513-1070-2 (English).
- ↑ Denis R. Benjamin: Mushrooms poisons and panaceas . a handbook for naturalists, mycologists and physicians. WH Freeman and Company, New York 1995, ISBN 978-0-7167-2600-5 , pp. 343 (English).
- ↑ Pamela North: Poisonous Plants and Fungi in Color . Ed .: Blandford Press & Pharmacological Society of Great Britain. Littlehampton Book Services Ltd., 1967, ISBN 978-0-7137-0446-4 , pp. 111 (English).
- ↑ Benjamin, pages 346-349.
- ↑ Paul Kummer: The guide to mushroom science . Instructions for the methodical, easy and reliable determination of the fungi occurring in Germany with the exception of mold and all too tiny slime and core fungi. Verlag von E. Luppe's Buchhandlung, Zerbst 1871, p. 78 ( archive.org ).
- ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from September 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.bio.utk.edu/matheny/Site/Publications_files/Matheny_MPE.2005.pdf
