Purple silky crack fungus

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Purple silky crack fungus
Ino.geo2.jpg

Purple silky crack mushroom ( Inocybe lilacina )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : Agaricomycetidae
Order : Mushroom-like (Agaricales)
Family : Crack fungus relatives (Inocybaceae)
Genre : Crack fungi ( Inocybe )
Type : Purple silky crack fungus
Scientific name
Inocybe lilacina
( Peck ) Kauffman

The purple-silky crack mushroom ( Inocybe lilacina ) is a frequent poisonous mushroom from the family of the crack mushroom relatives (Inocybaceae). The fruiting body is small, violet and with an ocher-brown hunched hat.

features

Macroscopic features

The hat reaches 1–4 cm in diameter and is initially conical before expanding into a curved shape with a pronounced hump. The fibrous, silky surface is particularly violet when young, later fading in color with an ocher-brownish color on the hump and at the base of the stem. The edges of the hat are curved in front of the screen and connected to the stem by a white hair veil partial covering ( Cortina ). Some of them are bent upwards with age and can tear (→ “Risspilz”). The thin stem is 1–6 cm high and 3–6 mm thick. The Cortina does not leave a ring. The crowded lamellas are attached to the stem or almost free-standing and cream-colored when young, before they darken to a brownish, eponymous earth-color with the ripening spores. The cutting edges are bulbous and remain whitish. The spore powder print is ocher brown. The meat tastes sharp. The strong smell has been compared to flour or earth.

Microscopic features

The elliptical to almond-shaped spores are smooth and measure approximately 7–9 × 4–5.5 micrometers. There are numerous crystal-bearing (metuloid), half-length swollen pleuro cystids of 40–60 × 10–20 micrometers and similar cheilocystids.

Species delimitation

It could be mistaken for the edible violet lacquer funnel ( Laccaria amethystina ), whereby this species has a fibrous stem and fruity smell and does not have an ocher-colored hump and conspicuously distant lamellae .

Distribution and ecology

The purple-silky crack fungus is common and widespread in Europe and North America. ( Find reports from Western Australia for var. Lilacina turned out to be Inocybe violaceocaulis .) It lives in mycorrhizal symbioses in deciduous and coniferous forests. It is fruiting from June to November in grassy spots, near paths or waterways, or often on rich, bare earth that has been churned up along roadsides.

toxicology

Like many crack fungi, the purple silky crack fungus contains muscarin . The symptoms are those of muscarinic poisoning, namely greatly increased salivation , perspiration ( sweating ), constriction of the pupils, slowed pulse and watery eyes within 15 to 30 minutes after ingestion. At high doses, these symptoms may be followed by abdominal pain , severe nausea , vomiting , diarrhea , blurred vision, and shortness of breath. The symptoms of intoxication generally subside within two hours. Delirium does not occur. The specific antidote is atropine . With the onset of symptoms promptly, induction of vomiting is also advisable to remove fungal material. Deaths due to consumption of this species are not documented. The mushroom is often ignored by mushroom pickers due to its small size.

Taxonomy

It was and is partly listed as the variety lilacina or violacea of the earth-leaved crack fungus ( Inocybe geophylla var. Lilacina or var. Violacea ). Phylogenetic genetic analyzes show a clear differentiation from Inocybe geophylla .

Web links

Commons : Lilasiliger Risspilz ( Inocybe lilacina )  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

swell

  1. ^ A b Roger Phillips: Mushrooms and Other Fungi of Great Britain and Europe . MacMillan, London 1981, ISBN 978-0-330-26441-9 , pp. 220 (English).
  2. ↑ http://mushroomexpert.com/inocybe_geophylla_lilacina.html
  3. ^ Jean-Louis Lamaison, Jean-Marie Polese (Coauthor): The Great Encyclopedia of Mushrooms . Könemann, Tandem Verlag GmbH, 2005, ISBN 978-3-8331-1239-3 , p. 83 (French, original title: Grand guide encyclopédique des champignons . Translated by Josephine Bacon (Chanterelle Translations, London)).
  4. ^ A b Hans E. Laux: The great cosmos mushroom guide. All edible mushrooms with their poisonous doppelgangers. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-440-08457-4 , p. 342.
  5. ↑ David Arora: Mushrooms Demystified . a Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi. Ten Speed ​​Press, Berkeley, California 1986, ISBN 0-89815-169-4 , pp. 460 (English).
  6. ↑ PB Matheny, NL Bougher: A new species of violet Inocybe (Agaricales) from Urban and Rural Landscapes in Western Australia . In: Australasian Mycologist . tape 24 , no. 1 , 2005 (English, clarku.edu [PDF]).
  7. ^ A b Hans Haas, G. Gossner, A. Leutscher: The Young Specialist looks at Fungi . Burke Publishing, 1969, ISBN 978-0-222-79409-3 , pp. 122 (English).
  8. ↑ Thomas Laessoe: Mushrooms . The visual guide to over 500 species of mushroom from around the world. Dorling Kindersley Publishers Ltd., 1998, ISBN 978-0-7513-1070-2 (English).
  9. ↑ Denis R. Benjamin: Mushrooms poisons and panaceas . a handbook for naturalists, mycologists and physicians. WH Freeman and Company, New York 1995, ISBN 978-0-7167-2600-5 , pp. 343 (English).
  10. ↑ Pamela North: Poisonous Plants and Fungi in Color . Ed .: Blandford Press & Pharmacological Society of Great Britain. Littlehampton Book Services Ltd., 1967, ISBN 978-0-7137-0446-4 , pp. 111 (English).
  11. ↑ Benjamin, pages 346-349.
  12. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original dated September 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / mor.clarku.edu
  13. ↑ http://www.bio.utk.edu/matheny/Site/Publications_files/Matheny_MPE.2005.pdf