Yellow-stemmed nitrate helmet
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Yellow-stemmed nitrate helmling ( Mycena renati ) |
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The inedible yellow-stemmed nitrate helmling ( Mycena renati , syn. Mycena flavipes ) is a type of mushroom from the family of helmets relatives (Mycenaceae). The Helmling is easy to recognize by its pinkish-brown hat, the strong yellow stem, the tufted growth and the chlorine-like smell. The fruiting bodies appear on hardwood from May to September, predominantly in beech forests. It is also called yellow-stemmed nitrous or yellow-footed helmet .
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is 1–3 cm wide, initially hemispherical, later bell-shaped to conical. The surface is smooth, matt and flesh-colored to brownish pink in color. The middle is usually darker, the mostly grooved edge a little lighter in color.
The broad, slightly bulbous lamellae run down the handle with a tooth. They are initially whitish and later turn pink. Their edges are smooth and more or less the same color, the spore powder is whitish.
The tubular-hollow, brittle stalk is 2–6 cm long and 1–2 mm wide. It is smooth, shiny, yellow-brown, golden-yellow to orange-yellow in color, the tip of the stem is somewhat lighter. At the slightly felty base, the fruiting bodies have grown into dense clusters. The very thin, whitish meat smells nitrous or chlorine-like and tastes more or less mild to radish-like.
Microscopic features
The elliptical to apple-seed-shaped, amyloid spores are 7–10 µm long and 5–7 µm wide. They are smooth, hyaline, and often contain a drop. Their cheilocystids are spindle-shaped, rarely bottle-shaped (layer-shaped) or club-shaped and the hyphae of the cap skin ( pileipellis ) have noticeably thickened outgrowths.
Species delimitation
The multi-stalked helmling ( Mycena inclinata ) can look very similar, its flesh smells rancid, flour-like. In addition, young fruiting bodies have whitish stems, only in older specimens they turn yellow to yellow-brownish up to about the middle.
ecology
The fruiting bodies of the Helmling grow from May to September in clumps on rotten hardwood, predominantly on European beech . They are often found in damp ravine forests and montane beech hillside forests. The Helmling occurs primarily in limestone areas.
distribution
The Holarctic Helmling occurs in North America (USA), North Asia (Caucasus), the Canary Islands and Europe and has also been detected in North Africa (Algeria). Its distribution is meridional to subboreal .
The fungus is widespread in Europe, although the frequency varies widely. In Great Britain it was only found in England and there has been no evidence from the Netherlands for the past 20 years. The Helmling is widespread in southern and southeastern Europe and occurs in Scandinavia northwards up to the 64th parallel.
In Germany, the yellow-stemmed Helmling can be found in three separate areas. The first extends from the French and Swiss Jura over the Southern Vosges, the Upper Rhine region, the southern Black Forest to the Swabian Alb and the second region from Liechtenstein, through Vorarlberg, North Tyrol and the German and Austrian Alpine foothills. A third, rather patchy area is in East Westphalia, southern Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia. In the rest of Germany, the Helmling is very rare or absent entirely. In the Alpine countries of Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Austria it is common to fairly common.
meaning
The yellow-stemmed nitrate helmling is not an edible mushroom .
swell
- Paul Kirk: Mycena renati. In: Species Fungorum. Retrieved December 8, 2013 .
- Mycena renati. In: MycoBank.org. International Mycological Association, accessed December 8, 2013 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Hans E. Laux: The great cosmos mushroom guide. All edible mushrooms with their poisonous doppelgangers . Kosmos, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-440-08457-4 , pp. 94 .
- ↑ a b c d German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder : Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 3: Mushrooms. Blattpilze I. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3536-1 , p. 461.
- ↑ Rapportsystemet för växter: Mycena renati. (No longer available online.) In: artportalen.se. Archived from the original on August 15, 2012 ; Retrieved December 8, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Database of mushrooms in Austria. In: austria.mykodata.net. Austrian Mycological Society, accessed December 8, 2013 .
- ↑ a b Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Mycena renati. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved December 8, 2013 .
- ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev & Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( online [PDF]).
- ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Mycena renati. Retrieved December 8, 2013 .
- ↑ Zdenko Tkalcec & Mesic Armin: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia. I. Families Pleurotaceae and Tricholomataceae. In: Mycotaxon . Vol: 81, 2002, pp. 113-176 ( online ).
- ^ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Mycena renati. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved December 8, 2013 .
- ↑ a b Worldwide distribution of Mycena renati. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal. Archived from the original on December 13, 2013 ; Retrieved December 8, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Z. Athanassiou & I. Theochari: Compléments à l'inventaire des Basidiomycètes de Grèce . In: Mycotaxon . Vol: 79, 2001, pp. 401-415 ( online ).
- ↑ Ilkka Kytövuori et al .: Chapter 5.2, Distribution table of agarics and boletes in Finland . ISBN 952-11-1997-7 , pp. 105–225 ( Chapter 5.2, Distribution table of agarics and boletes in Finland [PDF] Original title: Helttasienten ja tattien levinneisyystaulukko .).
- ↑ a b Jean-Pierre Prongué, Rudolf Wiederin, Brigitte Wolf: The mushrooms of the Principality of Liechtenstein . In: Natural history research in the Principality of Liechtenstein . Vol. 21. Vaduz 2004 ( online [PDF]).
- ^ S. Petkovski: National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia . In: Acta Botanica Croatica . 2009 ( PDF, 1.6MB ( Memento from February 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) [accessed December 8, 2013]). National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia ( Memento of the original from February 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Grid map of Mycena renati. In: NBN Gateway. Retrieved December 8, 2013 .
- ↑ Mycena renati. In: Pilzoek database. Retrieved December 8, 2013 .
- ^ TV Andrianova et al .: Mycena renati. Fungi of Ukraine. In: cybertruffle.org.uk. Retrieved December 8, 2013 .
- ↑ a b NMV Verspreidingsatlas online: Mycena renati. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved December 10, 2013 .
- ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved December 10, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Web links
- Mycena renati. In: Funghi in Italia. Retrieved December 8, 2013 (Italian, Gute Fotos vom Gelbstieligen Nitrat-Helmling).
- Wolfgang Bachmeier: Yellow-stemmed nitrate helmling (Mycena renati). In: pilzseite.de. Retrieved December 8, 2013 .
- Arne Aronsen: Mycena renati Quél. A key to the Mycenas of Norway. In: Mycena Page. Retrieved December 10, 2013 .