Eretna

Anatolia at the time of the various Beyliks.

Eretna was the name of an Anatolian principality ( Beylik ) with capital in Sivas and later Kayseri , which existed from 1328-1381.

The ruling family was of Uighur origin and took control of part of Anatolia after the fall of the Ilkhan . The Beylik extended over central Anatolia and included the present-day cities of Niğde , Aksaray , Ankara , Develi , Karahisar, Darende , Amasya , Tokat , Merzifon , Samsun and Erzincan .

The Beylik is named after the founder Eretna, a Uighur officer in the service of the Chupanids .

The name Eretna is probably derived from the Sanskrit word Ratna = 'jewel'.

During the clashes between the Chupanids and their overlords, the Ilkhan, Eretna had to flee to Egypt in 1326 . He was later able to set up his beylik with the help of the Mamluks and made himself sultan. He adopted the nickname Ala ad-Din. Eretna died in 1352 and his son Ghiyath ad-Din Muhammed became his successor. But he was assassinated as early as 1365 and the principality was weak under his son. Some subordinate princes rebelled. The Ottomans occupied the Eretna in the west and the Aq Qoyunlu in the east. The principality was nominally ruled by Ala ad-Din Ali Beg, but in reality the vizier Kadi Burhan ad-Din ruled . Ala ad-Din Ali Beg died in 1380 on a campaign against the rebellious princes and Kadi Burhan ad-Din prevailed against the heirs and became the new sultan. This ended the principality of Eretna.

literature

Claude Cahen: Article “Eretna”. In: The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition .

Individual evidence

^ Art. "Eretna-Dynasty" in: Online Encyclopedia Britannica, accessed on May 28, 2012.
^ The New Encyclopaedia Britannica, Volume 4, 2003, p. 538, Online Snippet: "The dynasty's founder, Eretna, was an officer of Uighur origin in the service of Demirtas, the Il-Khanid governor of Anatolia".
Bruce Alan Masters, Gábor Ágoston: Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire . Infobase, 2010, p. 41, Online Edition: "With the death of the Ilkhanid ruler Ebu Said in 1335, administration of Asia Minor was entrusted to his former governor Eretna Bey, originally an Uighur Turk , who eventually declared himself independent".
Yılmaz Öztuna, Devletler ve hânedanlar: Türkiye: 1074 - 1990 , Volume 2. Türkiye Kültür Bakanlığı (Turkish Ministry of Culture), 2005, p. 51.
John Freely : The companion guide to Turkey . HarperCollins, 1993, p. 391: “This was erected in 1339 by Eretna, an Uyghur Turk who created an independent principality in central Anatolia after the collapse of the Ilkhanid Mongol Empire in 1335.”
Jonathan M. Bloom: Sheila Blair . Oxford University Press, 2009, p. 60: "In the early 14th century, the city passed to the Uighur chief Eretna ."
The decline of medieval Hellenism in Asia Minor: and the process of Islamization from the eleventh through the fifteenth century . University of California Press, 1971, p. 139: "Governor Timurlash fled to Egypt in 1327, he was replaced by Ghiyath al-Din Ercrna ( of Uighur origin ) who succeeded in receiving official appointment from the Ilkhan Abu Sa'id."
John Freely: The Companion Guide to Turkey . HarperCollins, 1993, p. 391 : "This was erected in 1339 by Eretna, an Uyghur Turk who created an independent principality in central Anatolia after the collapse of the Ilkhanid Mongol Empire in 1335."

[1] Art. "Eretna-Dynasty" in: Online Encyclopedia Britannica, accessed on May 28, 2012.

[2] The New Encyclopaedia Britannica, Volume 4, 2003, p. 538, Online Snippet: "The dynasty's founder, Eretna, was an officer of Uighur origin in the service of Demirtas, the Il-Khanid governor of Anatolia".
Bruce Alan Masters, Gábor Ágoston: Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire . Infobase, 2010, p. 41, Online Edition: "With the death of the Ilkhanid ruler Ebu Said in 1335, administration of Asia Minor was entrusted to his former governor Eretna Bey, originally an Uighur Turk , who eventually declared himself independent".
Yılmaz Öztuna, Devletler ve hânedanlar: Türkiye: 1074 - 1990 , Volume 2. Türkiye Kültür Bakanlığı (Turkish Ministry of Culture), 2005, p. 51.
John Freely : The companion guide to Turkey . HarperCollins, 1993, p. 391: “This was erected in 1339 by Eretna, an Uyghur Turk who created an independent principality in central Anatolia after the collapse of the Ilkhanid Mongol Empire in 1335.”
Jonathan M. Bloom: Sheila Blair . Oxford University Press, 2009, p. 60: "In the early 14th century, the city passed to the Uighur chief Eretna ."
The decline of medieval Hellenism in Asia Minor: and the process of Islamization from the eleventh through the fifteenth century . University of California Press, 1971, p. 139: "Governor Timurlash fled to Egypt in 1327, he was replaced by Ghiyath al-Din Ercrna ( of Uighur origin ) who succeeded in receiving official appointment from the Ilkhan Abu Sa'id."
John Freely: The Companion Guide to Turkey . HarperCollins, 1993, p. 391 : "This was erected in 1339 by Eretna, an Uyghur Turk who created an independent principality in central Anatolia after the collapse of the Ilkhanid Mongol Empire in 1335."