Erna Barschak

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Erna Barschak (* 1888 in Berlin ; † October 12, 1958 in Philadelphia ) was a German professional educator and psychologist. An important work is her autobiographical book about experiences after the escape from the National Socialist dictatorship .

Life

Erna Barschak was a trained typist and accountant and worked in this profession for six years until she graduated as a commercial teacher in Berlin in 1914 . In 1915 she caught up with her Abitur and then began studying economics , sociology and psychology , which she completed both in her hometown of Berlin and in Tübingen . During her studies, Barschak worked as a teacher at evening schools and, after completing her doctorate in 1921, became a teacher at the city of Berlin's commercial college and at the Pestalozzi-Froebel-Haus . In 1930 she received a professorship at the State Vocational Education Institute in Berlin, but was removed from her position following the takeover of power by the NSDAP in 1933. In this regard, her professional career is closely linked to Susanne Charlotte Engelmanns , but Barschak was able to study psychology in London and Geneva immediately after her release, thus counteracting further professional and private restrictions. However, Barschak returned to Berlin during the Nazi dictatorship in 1935 to participate in Jewish education and taught psychology and pedagogy at the Jewish teacher training institute in Berlin until she emigrated . In September 1939, Barschak began to notify her contacts and prepare her escape. She finally came to the USA via Great Britain in 1940 and came in the academic year 1941/42, a year before Susanne Charlotte Engelmann took this position, with the help of the "AAUW" as a "refugee scholar" at Wilson College in Pennsylvania , USA. under. This entry into the teaching profession secured her academic career and so Erna Barschak subsequently became Professor of Psychology at the Miami University of Ohio in Oxford.

Act

Barschak is erroneously referred to as a Zionist, because in 1937 she worked with Fritz Bamberger to align the educational system with Jewish emigration. Barschak also published in Susanne Charlotte Engelmann 's weekly journal Soziale Praxis and other social science newspapers. After emigrating to the USA, Barschak published an autobiographical work in 1945 that describes her experiences in her new home. This describes, among other things, the problems faced by academic refugees in the new professional environment. For example, Barschak describes the utopian ideas of many refugees to be able to seamlessly build on their previous professional successes. Barschak herself, however, was able to continue her university career in the USA.

Works

  • Erna Barschak: The student at the vocational school and her environment . Lecture given at the girls' vocational school day of the General German Teachers' Association in Dresden on October 4, 1925, (Pedagogical-psychological series of the general German teachers' association; 2), Berlin 1926.
  • Erna Barschak: The idea of ​​vocational training and its effect on vocational training in trade . Leipzig 1929.
  • Erna Barschak: The German literary lessons at commercial technical and vocational schools , (writings for commercial education; 3), Leipzig 1925.
  • Erna Barschak: My American Adventure , New York 1945.
  • Erna Barschak: Today's Industrial Nurse and Her Job. A Study of Functions of Nurses and Their Relationship to Industry , New York 1956.
  • Fritz Bamberger u. Erna Barschak: The 9th school year of the adult education centers of the Jewish community in Berlin. Objective setting and planning . Berlin 1937.

literature

  • Christine von Oertzen: Review of the emigration. The academics Erna Barschak (1888–1958), Susanne Engelmann (1885–1963) and Lucie Adelsberger (1895–1971) . In: Angelika Schaser (ed.): Remembrance cartels. On the construction of autobiographies after 1945 (Challenges; 14), Bochum 2003, pp. 169–195.
  • Christine von Oertzen: Strategy Understanding - On the transnational networking of female academics 1917–1955 . Göttingen 2012.
  • Martin Kipp : Ways to enjoy work, knowledge and the world. Notes on a magazine for female advanced training school youth - In memory of the exiled professional educator Erna Barschak . In: Karlwilhelm Stratmann (ed.): Vocational and economic educational journals. Essays on their analysis . Frankfurt / M. 1994, pp. 219-257.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Christine von Oertzen, Strategy Understanding - On the Transnational Networking of Women Academics 1917–1955 Göttingen 2012, biographical appendix. Also the following.
  2. ↑ Oertzen, Strategy Understanding, p. 308.
  3. ↑ Oertzen, Strategy Understanding, p. 308.
  4. ↑ Oertzen, Strategy Understanding, p. 333.
  5. ↑ Oertzen, Strategy Understanding, p. 326.
  6. ↑ Oertzen, Strategy Understanding, p. 333.
  7. ↑ Oertzen, Strategy Understanding, p. 308.
  8. ↑ Oertzen, Strategy Understanding, p. 308.
  9. ↑ Oertzen, Strategy Understanding, p. 320f. Also the following.
personal data
SURNAME Barschak, Erna
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German professional educator and psychologist
DATE OF BIRTH 1888
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH October 12, 1958
Place of death Philadelphia