First siege of Warsaw (1794)
| date | July 13th to September 6th, 1794 |
|---|---|
| place | Warsaw |
| output | Polish victory |
| Parties to the conflict | |
|---|---|
| Commander | |
| Troop strength | |
| 35,000-44,000 | Prussia: 25,000-30,000 Russia: 13,000-65,000 |
| losses | |
|
unknown |
unknown |
Kościuszko Uprising
Racławice • Warsaw collection • Vilnius survey • Niemenczyn • Polany • Lipniszki • Szczekociny • Chełm • soly • Kurlander survey • Gołków • Raszyn • Kolno • Błonie • Warsaw (1) • Sałaty • Slonim • Luban • Krupczyce • Terespol • bulk Polish collection • Łabiszyn • Bydgoszcz • Maciejowice • Kobyłka • Praga • Warsaw (2)
The first siege of Warsaw took place in 1794 during the Kościuszko uprising . Prussians and Russians besieged the capital of the Rzeczpospolita (Polish-Lithuanian Confederation). The siege ended in a Polish victory, as Prussians and Russians withdrew after two months.
prehistory
The capital Warsaw was seen by both sides as extremely important for the victory or the suppression of the Kościuszko uprising .
Armed forces
Kościuszko managed to prepare the capital for the siege. He divided his troops into the field army (23,000), the garrison (3,000) and the city militia (18,000). Another 35,000 men and 200 cannons were also available to him. The field army had fortresses, trenches and other fortifications outside the city.
The Prussian-Russian troops were commanded by Friedrich Wilhelm II , whose army probably provided 25,000 and 179 cannons, the Russians provided up to 65,000 men and 74 cannons. They were led by Johann Hermann von Fersen . However, the troop strength is controversial among historians.
The siege
The besiegers delayed an attack until heavy artillery could be brought in. The first attack took place on July 27, but Prince Józef Poniatowski threw it back. The second attack took place between August 26th and 28th. After its failure, Friedrich Wilhelm withdrew the troops. Prussia withdrew to the Bzura , while von Fersen stationed his Russian troops near the Pilica .
consequences
Despite the Polish victory, the end of the Polish uprising soon followed with Kościuszko's defeat at the Battle of Maciejowice in October and the conquest of Warsaw (Battle of Praga ) in November.
Individual evidence
- ^ Spencer C. Tucker (December 23, 2009). A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. ABC-CLIO. P. 984. ISBN 978-1-85109-672-5 . December 14, 2012.
- ^ Spencer C. Tucker (December 23, 2009). A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. ABC-CLIO. P. 984. ISBN 978-1-85109-672-5 . December 14, 2012.
- ^ Spencer C. Tucker (December 23, 2009). A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. ABC-CLIO. P. 984. ISBN 978-1-85109-672-5 . December 14, 2012.
- ↑ Marc Ferro (1984). The Use and Abuse of History: Or how the Past is Taught. Routledge & Kegan Paul. Pages. 175-. ISBN 978-0-7100-9658-6 . December 14, 2012.
literature
- Jerzy Jan Lerski: Historical dictionary of Poland, 966–1945. Westport 1996, p. 329
- Jacob Burckhardt : History of the Revolutionary Age. (Critical Complete Edition Vol. 28) Munich 2009, p. 553
- M. Kukiel: Kościuszko and the third partition. In: William Fiddian Reddaway (Ed.): The Cambridge history of Poland. Vol. 2 Cambridge 1971, p. 172
- Соловьев С.М. История падения Польши ». - Москва, 1863.
- Рапорт А. В. Суворова П. А. Румянцеву, 3 октября 1794 г., № 433 (РГВИА. Ф. ВУА, д. № 2731. ч. I. л. 188).
- Донесение Ф.П. Денисова А. В. Суворову, 30 сентября 1794 г. (РГВИА, ф. ВУА. Д. № 2731, ч. I. лл. 180 - 182).
- Рапорт генерал-поручика И. Е. Ферзена А. В. Суворову, 12 октября 1794 г. о сражении при Мацеевицах.