First hour of the day (Ancient Egypt)
| First hour of the day in hieroglyphics | |||||||
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Wenut-tepit-Re Wnwt-tpj.t-Rˁ First hour of the day |
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Se-cha-neferu-en-Re S-ḫˁ-nfrw-n-Rˁ That lets the beauty of Re appear |
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The first hour of the day (also the first hour of the day or hour that satisfies ) referred to the duration of sunrise in ancient Egypt as the first hour of the day . The first hour of the day began after the end of dawn , the twelfth hour of the night .
Definition of the first hour of the day
In ancient Egyptian mythology , the beginning of the first hour of the day is also described as the "moment when the sun god Re leaves the area of the Mesqet and the Duat ". In the original version of the Nutbuch it goes on to say:
"This is how [the command] arises that he (Re) withdraws to heaven, in the" hour that satisfies ". So his figure becomes strong and tall. At night the (dean's stars as) bas emerge in the sky while driving. The dean stars follow Re as he rises in the "hour that satisfies". During the day they are not visible to people. "
The times of day were represented by the goddesses of the hours in ancient Egypt . The “hour that satisfies” does not appear in the “ Book of the Night ”, but among other things in the “ Book of the Day ”. She is mentioned two more times in the Book of Wandering Eternity . In the "Book of the Day" you can read about the sunrise in the first hour of the day:
“That makes the beauty of the Re appear, that is the hour that satisfies. The majesty of this God comes forth. Re goes up in the land of the horizon dwellers. The king of Upper and Lower Egypt, lord of the two countries, son of Re, lord of the apparitions; he adores Re: go on, go on, Re. But arises Chepri . "
Papyrus Carlsberg 1
The Carlsberg 1 papyrus, which was not created until the Greco-Roman period , is a copy of the original groove book versions from the New Kingdom . The Carlsberg 1 papyrus contains numerous additions and new theological interpretations. The first hour of the day is described there as the “ ninth hour of the night ”, although in the other ancient Egyptian sources the ninth hour of the night is called “That protects her Lord”.
“Re orders his removal from the people in the Duat, in the ninth hour of the night that is the“ hour that satisfies ”. Its emergence will be great. Greatness what his flame is. This is how (re) arises in both countries. His heart arises, that is, strength against Apophis. His look at the earth when it rises is his rays. "
The commentator on Papyrus Carlsberg 1 has obviously confused the allocation of the "hour that satisfies", since he equated it with "the ninth hour of the night", even though it is the first hour of the day. Apparently he connects "the people" with the work " Heaven of primeval times ", in which the people are "in the eighth gate", which leads to the "ninth hour". The newly compiled statement shows his difficulty in understanding why the sun moves away in the “ninth hour of the night”, although people cannot see the sun anyway. Consequently, he also introduced the “people in the duat” who are now able to see the sun that is there at that time. The wrong allocation clearly shows the fact that the "lesson that satisfies" was a carryover from other texts that the commentator no longer had.
The flame of Re is aimed at sunrise, as the land of Egypt looks like it is immersed in flames. The heart of Re appears in other religious texts mostly in connection with Thoth and the moon . In the Nutbuch, on the other hand, proximity to the subject of the Osirism myth is sought and the snake Apophis is characterized as an enemy of the sun, which Re must defeat anew every morning. The sole mention in the Carlsberg 1 papyrus is striking, while the original version of the “Sethos script” does not contain Apophis.
See also
literature
- Christian Leitz : Ancient Egyptian star clocks . Peeters, Leuven 1995, ISBN 9-0683-1669-9
- Alexandra von Lieven : Floor plan of the course of the stars - the so-called groove book . The Carsten Niebuhr Institute of Ancient Eastern Studies (among others), Copenhagen 2007, ISBN 978-87-635-0406-5
Individual evidence
- ↑ Alexandra von Lieven: Plan of the course of the stars . Pp. 55-57.