Erwin Hanslik

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Erwin Hanslik (born February 12, 1880 in Biala , Austria-Hungary , † July 1940 in Hartheim ) was an Austro-Polish geographer , publicist and cultural historian .

Life

Erwin Hanslik was born in 1880 as the son of a Polish factory worker and a washerwoman in Biała in the Galician part of the Bielsko-Biala language island . Since 1898 he studied history and geography at the University of Vienna with the historian Oswald Redlich and the geographers Eugen Oberhummer and Albrecht Penck . In 1906 he was introduced by Penck with a thesis on the subject of “ Cultural boundaries and cultural cycle in the Polish West Beskids. A principal cultural-geographic investigation ”. In his dissertation, Hanslik made a distinction between the areas of “German cultural forms” and “German language islands” and thus developed essential foundations for the later “ folk and cultural soil research ”. Erwin Hanslik's "cultural border between Eastern and Western Europe" was later reinterpreted by Penck (1925) as the "Central European border" or the "border of the German cultural soil". During a trip to the Mediterranean Sea (1910) he suffered a serious accident with physical and psychological consequences. In 1911 Hanslik completed his habilitation in anthropogeography with a thesis on "Biala, a German city in Galicia: Geographical investigation of the urban problem" and taught as a private lecturer at the University of Vienna. His main job was to work at the state secondary school in Vienna's 9th district. In 1915, together with the orientalist Edmund Küttler , he founded the Vienna Institute for Cultural Research, financed privately by Victor Ritter von Bauer . During the war, Hanslik developed the megalomaniac vision of a larger Habsburg empire expanding to the east, but at the same time distanced himself from his earlier work, in which he emphasized the dominant "Western European" or German influence on the emergence of "highly developed" cultural landscapes in Eastern Europe would have. In his book "Austria: Earth and Spirit" (1917b), Hanslik rejected any kind of cultural hegemony through "Western Europe" and instead emphasized the need for the "Eastern peoples" to develop independently. The aim of the newly founded institute was to “expand the understanding of the world conditions in the East and the Orient” in order to “explore what is common and what unites people”. According to Hanslik, the institute should contribute to helping the “diverse peoples on Austria's earth” to “bridge the chasms between East and West [...].” Among the prominent members of the institute were a. Gustav Klimt , Josef Hoffmann , Oskar Kokoschka and Adolf Loos . Hanslik's work was based on ideas about cultural biology and propagated ideas about geopolitics . The folklorist and settlement historian Walter Kuhn (folklorist) was one of Hanslik's later students . From 1921 onwards, Hanslik's psychological problems increased. The psychiatrist Julius Wagner-Jauregg treated the disease without success. In the summer of 1940, Hanslik was murdered by the National Socialists as part of " Operation T4 ".

Works (selection)

literature

  • Henniges, Norman: “Learning to see”: The excursions of the Vienna Geographical Institute and the formation of the practical culture of geographical (field) observation in the Albrecht Penck era (1885-1906). In: Communications of the Austrian Geographical Society, Volume 156, Vienna 2014. pp. 141–170.
  • Henniges, Norman: "Natural Laws of Culture": The Viennese Geographers and the Origins of the "People and Culture Soil Theory" In: ACME: An International E-Journal for Critical Geographies, Volume 14, No. 4, 2015. pp. 1309–1351 . ACME: An International E-Journal for Critical Geographies .
  • Smola, Franz: From “Human Consciousness” to the New Image of Man - Egon Schiele and the anthropogeographer Erwin Hanslik. In: Leander Kaiser & Michael Ley (eds.): The aesthetic gnosis of modernity, Vienna 2008: Passagen Verlag, pp. 123–146.
  • Svatek, Petra: Erwin Hanslik (1880–1940): geopolitical visions of a cartographer. In: Markus Heinz (Ed.): 16th Cartography History Colloquium Marbach am Neckar. Lectures, reports, posters, Marbach am Neckar 2012: Kirschbaum Verlag, pp. 115–128.
  • Zöllner, Erich : Erwin Hanslik (1880-1940). A German-Polish art historian, anthropogeographer and publicist. Victim of the National Socialist euthanasia campaign. In: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Volkskunde, Volume 46, Vienna 1992, pp. 114–115.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Zöllner 1992, p. 114f .; Smola 2008, pp. 123f.
  2. ↑ Henniges, 2014, p. 159.
  3. ↑ See on this and in the following: Henniges, 2015, pp. 1309–1351.
  4. ↑ Zöllner, 1992, p. 114.
  5. ↑ Smola, 2008, pp. 123f.
  6. ↑ Henniges, 2015, p. 1321.
  7. ↑ Hanslik, 1917b, 135.
  8. ↑ Hanslik, 1917b, 167f.
  9. ↑ Smola, 2008, p. 126.
  10. ↑ Schultz, H.-D .: Large-scale constructions versus nation-building: Joseph Partsch's Central Europe: Context and Effect. In, H.-P. Brogiato & A. Mayr (Eds.), Joseph Partsch - Scientific Achievements and Aftermath in German and Polish Geography. (= Contributions to regional geography 58), Leipzig 2002: Ifl Selbstverlag, p. 107f.
  11. ↑ Henniges, 2015, p. 1319.
  12. ↑ Zöllner, 1992, p. 114f .; Smola, 2008, pp. 123f.
personal data
SURNAME Hanslik, Erwin
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austro-Polish geographer
DATE OF BIRTH February 12, 1880
PLACE OF BIRTH Biała
DATE OF DEATH July 1940
Place of death Hartheim