Ether lipid

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Plasmalogen

An ether lipid is a glycerolipid that contains one or more ether bonds .

structure

In contrast to most glycerolipids, an ether lipid does not have a fatty acid attached to glycerol via an ester bond (as is the case with ester lipids ) or via an amide bond to sphingosine (as with sphingolipids ), but an alcohol via an ether bond.

biosynthesis

Some partial steps in the biosynthesis of ether lipids take place in the peroxisome by the enzymes dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase (DHAPAT) and the alkyldihydroxyacetone phosphate synthase (ADAPS).

Occurrence

The cell membranes of archaea are mainly composed of ether lipids of glycerol with isoprenoids , whereas those of bacteria and eukaryotes are not. The ether lipids include the plasmalogens found in animals , with an O -1-alkenyl group (a type of vinyl ether ), and the platelet-activating factor .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ K. Watschinger, ER Werner: Orphan enzymes in ether lipid metabolism. In: Biochemistry. Volume 95, number 1, January 2013, pp. 59-65, doi : 10.1016 / j.biochi.2012.06.027 , PMID 22771767 , PMC 3520006 (free full text).
  2. ↑ S. Jain, A. Caforio, AJ Driessen: Biosynthesis of archaeal membrane ether lipids. In: Frontiers in microbiology. Volume 5, 2014, p. 641, doi : 10.3389 / fmicb.2014.00641 , PMID 25505460 , PMC 4244643 (free full text).
  3. ^ NE Braverman, AB Moser: Functions of plasmalogen lipids in health and disease. In: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta . Volume 1822, number 9, September 2012, pp. 1442-1452, doi : 10.1016 / j.bbadis.2012.05.008 , PMID 22627108 .