Etnocacerism

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Movimiento Etnocacerista or Latinized Etnocacerism is an ethnonationalist political movement in Peru that exerted some influence in the first half of the 2000s .

Surname

The etnocaceristas are named after the war hero and president Andrés Avelino Cáceres , who led a guerrilla movement against the Chilean occupiers in the 19th century during the saltpeter war .

Ideology and demands

The movement refers to the descent of the "real" Peruvians from the indigenous peoples of South America , especially the Inca, and sets itself apart from the descendants of European , Asian and Creole immigrants.

The current demands more rights for the indigenous population with a return to the Inca and demands - as a result - the political and economic disempowerment of the country's elites, who descended from the European conquerors. They vehemently resist any foreign interference in Peruvian affairs, especially those of the old “rival” Chile. In addition, calls are made, among other things, for the nationalization of key industries and the legalization of coca cultivation.

history

Isaac Humala Núñez, the father of Major Antauro Humala and his brother Ollanta Humala , is considered to be the founder of the Etnocacerism movement. His sons were involved in the failed coup against the dictatorial ruling President Alberto Fujimori in October 2000. Most of the supporters were also former soldiers and officers of the Peruvian army . Many of them had fought against the terrorist organizations of Peru ( Sendero Luminoso and Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru ) and / or witnessed the border conflicts with Ecuador in the 1980s and 1990s.

In January 2005, Antauro Humala undertook an amateurishly planned coup attempt in Andahuaylas , which he described as the “Marcha de Remembranza Etnocacerista”, the “Etnocacerist March of Remembrance” (namely the coup of 2000). For this he was sentenced to 25 years in prison in 2009.

The attempted coup divided the brothers Antauro and Ollanta Humala. Ollanta Humala distanced himself from the attempted coup and from some of the content of Etnocacerism. Together with others, he founded the Partido Nacionalista Peruano (PNP, Nationalist Party of Peru) in October 2005 and stood as the top candidate for the presidency in the 2006 election. He was supported by most of the Etnocacerists, but lost in the runoff election with 47.47% of the vote. In 2011 he was elected President of Peru.

After the attempted coup in January 2005, the movement lost a large part of its supporters from the ranks of (former) members of the army. Some joined the Partido Nacionalista Peruano (PNP).

criticism

The current is under criticism, especially from the left, which otherwise supports some points of the movement. In contrast to the political movements behind z. B. Evo Morales is not striving for equal rights for the Indians or for all people. Instead, according to the critics, the etnocaceristas preached the superiority of the raza cobriza , the “bronze race”, and thus an “inverted racism” (“segregación inversa” and “racismo al revés”).

literature

in order of appearance

  • Mariana Alvarado Chávez: La invención del etnocacerismo. Populismo radical en el Perú . Diss., Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima 2009.
  • Joanna Ostrowska: Hombre Andino contra hombre occidentalizado: el etnocacerismo de los Humala . In: Itinerarios. Revista de estudios lingüisticos, literarios, históricos y antropológicos , ISSN  1507-7241 , vol. 11 (2010), pp. 85-101.
  • Antauro Humala Tasso: Ejército peruano, milenarismo, nacionalismo y etnocacerismo . Instituto de Estudios Etnogeopolíticos, Lima 2014.
  • Michael Iván Mendieta Pérez: Camisas verdes en el Perú. El proyecto de estado del etnocacerismo - modernidad y nacionalismo . Grupo Editorial Arteidea, Lima 2013, ISBN 978-612-4187-02-5 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ ¿Qué es el etnocacerismo? , accessed October 8, 2018.
  2. ↑ ¿Quiénes son los etnocaceristas? , accessed October 8, 2018.
  3. ↑ Joanna Ostrowska: Hombre andino contra hombre occidentalizado: el de los etnocacerismo Humala . In: Itinerarios , Vol. 11 (2010), pp. 85–101, here p. 89.
  4. ^ Eduardo Cáceres Valdivia: Los fantasmas del etnocacerismo . In: Quehacer , ISSN  0250-9806 , vol. 2003, issue 144 (September / October), pp. 35-40.
  5. ↑ Joanna Ostrowska: Hombre andino contra hombre occidentalizado: el de los etnocacerismo Humala . In: Itinerarios , Vol. 11 (2010), pp. 85-101, here pp. 98-99.
  6. ↑ Joanna Ostrowska: Hombre andino contra hombre occidentalizado: el de los etnocacerismo Humala . In: Itinerarios , Vol. 11 (2010), pp. 85–101, here p. 87.
  7. ↑ Joanna Ostrowska: Hombre andino contra hombre occidentalizado: el de los etnocacerismo Humala . In: Itinerarios , Vol. 11 (2010), pp. 85–101, here p. 88.
  8. ^ Nationalism and Populism Propel Front-Runner in Peru , NYTimes, April 2, 2006
  9. ^ Michael Iván Mendieta Pérez: Camisas verdes en el Perú. El proyecto de estado del etnocacerismo - modernidad y nacionalismo . Grupo Editorial Arteidea, Lima 2013, in it the chapter Relación de los discursos entre el etnocacerismo y los partidos vencedores del Parlamento en el 2006 , pp. 139–146.
  10. ↑ Joanna Ostrowska: Hombre andino contra hombre occidentalizado: el de los etnocacerismo Humala . In: Itinerarios , Vol. 11 (2010), pp. 85–101, here p. 92.