European neighborhood policy

European Union

Official EU candidate countries

ENP states

The European Neighborhood Policy ( ENP ) is a program of the European Union (EU) that was presented as a strategy paper by the EU Commission on May 12, 2004 . The strategic goal of the ENP is to establish a "ring of stable, friendly states" around the EU, whereby the states of the EFTA do not belong.

In addition to the European Neighborhood Policy, the Union for the Mediterranean was founded in 2008 and the Eastern Partnership in 2009.

The creation of the ENP

In August 2002, the EU Commission prepared a communication entitled “Wider Europe - Neighborhood: A New Framework for Relations between the EU and its Eastern and Southern Neighbors”. This communication of March 2003 laid the foundations for the European Neighborhood Policy because it set out the broad lines of the future neighborhood policy.

On May 12, 2004 the European Commission presented a unilaterally formulated strategy paper on the European Neighborhood Policy in connection with EU enlargement , which contains the strategic core of the ENP.

Inclusion

EU

Transition phase ( Brexit )

Candidate countries

EFTA

Eastern partnership

EU members of the Union for the Mediterranean (UfM)

Not EU members of the UfM

striped, observer of the UfM

The ENP is addressed in Eastern Europe, the Ukraine , Belarus and Moldova , the southern Caucasus to Armenia , Azerbaijan and Georgia and in the Mediterranean region of Morocco , Algeria , Tunisia , Libya , Egypt , Israel , the Palestinian Territories , Jordan , Lebanon and Syria . Although Russia is also a neighbor of the EU, EU-Russia relations are dealt with separately under the title “ EU-Russia Common Spaces ”.

aims

The main elements of the ENP are economic, political and cultural cooperation. Countries with no prospect of accession are to be given incentives to modernize their politics, economy and society through stronger ties to the EU. Originally, the ENP was conceptualized for the newly added neighbors to the east of the EU as part of the EU's eastward expansion. Under pressure from the southern EU member states, it was expanded to include the southern Mediterranean countries of the Euro-Mediterranean partnership .

Respect for human rights , the rule of law and the development of market economies are to be strengthened. The EU wants to share responsibility for the prevention and resolution of regional conflicts . This also includes illegal migration from third countries, human trafficking and terrorism . The pace of rapprochement between the EU and ENP countries should depend on how far the individual countries contribute to the objectives of the program.

Responsibility in the EU Commission and funding

EU enlargement commissioner Johannes Hahn

Within the European Commission , the ENP falls within the remit of the Enlargement Commissioner (in the Barroso II Commission from 2010 to 2014 Štefan Füle ), the current incumbent is Olivér Várhelyi . He works here with the EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (currently Josep Borrell ), who is responsible for the entire common foreign and security policy . Until 2010, the Commissioner for External Relations was responsible for the ENP, but his position was added to the newly created office of High Representative by the Treaty of Lisbon .

Until 2006, support for European Neighborhood Policy countries was provided through various geographic programs, including TACIS (for the Eastern States and Russia) and MEDA (for the Southern Mediterranean countries), as well as through thematic programs such as the European Initiative for Democracy and human rights (EIDHR). On January 1, 2007, the TACIS and MEDA programs were merged into the European Neighborhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI). Not only joint projects at the border should be financed, but also regional projects in the partner countries. The majority of the funds will be distributed to support economic reforms and structural adjustments in the partner countries.

literature

• Böttger, Katrin: The Origin and Development of the European Neighborhood Policy. Actors and coalitions, Europäische Schriften Vol. 87, Nomos Verlag, Baden-Baden 2010, 200 pages, ISBN 978-3-8329-5185-6
• Casny, Peter: European Energy and Security Policy in the South Caucasus , Logos Verlag, Berlin 2013, 281 pages, ISBN 978-3-8325-3568-1
• Normann, Christine: The Influence of EU Member States on European Neighborhood Policy. A Comparative Analysis of Germany, France and Poland Nomos Verlag, Baden-Baden 2014, 564 pp., ISBN 978-3-8487-1415-5 ( review in the Annotated Bibliography of Political Science )
• Georg Vobruba, The post-national space. The transformation of sovereignty and borders in Europe. Beltz-Juventa. Weinheim and Basel 2012. ISBN 978-3-7799-2722-8 .
• Wolfgang Tiede and Jakob Schirmer: “The Eastern Partnership of the European Union within the Framework of Community Law”, in: Osteuropa-Recht (OER), 2009, Vol. 2, pp. 184–191.
• Wolfgang Tiede and Jakob Schirmer: “Strategic Necessity - The Eastern Partnership of the European Union” in “WeltTrends” (journal for international politics and comparative studies), 71/2010, pp. 10-14.
• Korosteleva, EA, (2012), The European Union and its Eastern Neighbors: Towards a more ambitious partnership? London: BASEES / Routledge Series on Russian and East European Studies, ISBN 0-415-61261-6
• Korosteleva EA, (Ed.) (2011), Eastern Partnership: A New Opportunity for the Neighbors ?, London: Routledge, ISBN 0-415-67607-X
• Korosteleva, EA, (2011), The Eastern Partnership: Problems and Perspectives, (in Russian), Minsk: Belarusian State University
• Elena Korosteleva: Belarusian Foreign Policy in a Time of Crisis', Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, Special Issue, 27 (3–4) 2011, pp. 566-86
• Elena Korosteleva: 'Change or Continuity: Is the Eastern Partnership an Adequate Tool for the European Neighborhood', International Relations, 25 (2) 2011, pp. 243-62
• Elena Korosteleva: 'Eastern Partnership: a New Opportunity for the Neighbors?', Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, Special Issue, 27 (1) 2011, pp. 1-21
• Elena Korosteleva: 'Moldova's European Choice: Between Two Stools', Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 62 (8) 2010, p. 1267-89
• Elena Korosteleva: 'The Limits of EU Governance: Belarus' Response to the European Neighborhood Policy', Contemporary Politics, Vol. 15, No. 2, June 2009, pp. 229-45
• Elena Korosteleva and Gisselle Bosse: “Changing Belarus? The Limits of EU Governance in Eastern Europe ”, Conflict and Cooperation, Vol. 44, No. 2 2009, pp. 143-65
• Ch. Manigand, E. du Reau, T. Sandu (Dir.), Frontières et sécurité de l'Europe, territoires, identités et espaces européens, coll.Aujourd'hui l'Europe, L'Harmattan, Paris, mars 2008, 262 p .; voir V. Hacker "Identité institutionnelle et devenir constitutionnel".
• M. Dumont, M. Gérardot (dirs.), L'Europe, Atlande, Paris, 2010, pp. 46-53.

See also

• European Democracy Fund (EED)

Web links

• European Neighborhood Policy website (German, partly English)
• Center for Applied Political Science, page on the ENP
• Eurostat - Statistics Explained - European Neighborhood Policy (English)
• ENPI Info Center (English, French, Arabic, Russian)
• Eastbook.eu - Portal on Eastern Partnership (English, Polish, Russian, Ukrainian)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament, Wider Europe - Neighborhood: A New Framework for the EU's Relations with its Eastern and Southern Neighbors. COM (2003) 104, 11 March 2003
2. ↑ Hasanov, Nurlan: The expansion of constitutional structures in the Republic of Azerbaijan, funded by the European neighborhood policy. Bremen 2014.
3. ↑ Communication from the Commission, European Neighborhood Policy - A Strategy Paper, COM (2004) 373 of 12 May 2004.
4. ↑ European Neighborhood Policy: Financing , website of the European Commission (query date May 9, 2009).