Fabryka Maszyn i Odlewów "Orthwein, Karasiński i S-ka"

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The Fabryka Maszyn i Odlewów "Orthwein, Karasiński i S-ka" (later also: Towarzystwo Akcyjne Fabryki Maszyn i Odlewni "Orthwein, Karasiński i S-ka" , French: SA de la Fabrique de Machines et Fonderies "Orthwein, Karasiński & Cie . ” ) Was a mechanical engineering and foundry company in Warsaw . The company was founded in 1877, was one of the most important machine factories in Warsaw at the turn of the century and in the interwar period and existed until the Second World War .

history

In 1877 the steam engine factory "Orthwein-Markowski" was founded by Edward Florentyn Orthwein (around 1848–1896) and Stefan Markowski (1849–1910). After the death of Edward Orthwein, his brother Antoni (1861-1939) represented the interests of the family. The engineer Leon Karasiński (1851-1911) was added as a further partner. The company now traded as Fabryka Maszyn i Odlewni "Orthwein i Karasiński i S-ka" , with the expression S-ka (short for Spółka , German: Compagnie ) standing for one or more other co-shareholders. The company's founders came from Jewish families.

The company headquarters, a brick building, was erected at Ulica Złota 68 in what is now Warsaw's inner city district . Two interconnected buildings (two and three storeys) located on the street had an evenly structured, harmonious facade with ten window axes each. The windows rounded at the top also had rounded crowns . Cornices and pilaster strips also divided the facade horizontally and vertically.

The factory initially produced steam engines for sawmills and grain mills. Later mainly technical equipment for sugar factories and oil mills was built. According to the company at the time, 155 sugar factories were equipped (63 in the Kingdom of Poland , 91 in Russia and one in Austria-Hungary ). In addition, locomotives , gas engines or gasoline-alcohol engines were also built for other purposes. Around 500 workers were already employed in the factory at the turn of the century; there were also engineers, office workers and representatives. In 1906 three of the company's pumping stations were installed in the Lindley water supply system in Warsaw. In 1909 the company was converted into a joint stock company ( Towarzystwo Akcyjne Fabryki Maszyn i Odlewni "Orthwein, Karasiński i S-ka" ). The share capital was 1.4 million zlotys . A representation was maintained in Kiev .

World wars

When the Russian troops withdrew from Warsaw during World War I , they dismantled the plant in 1915 and set it on fire - like many other factories in the area (e.g. the Stara Papiernia in today's Konstancin-Jeziorna ).

After the war the largely destroyed factory buildings in the Złota were no longer occupied. Instead, an existing system in what was then the Warsaw suburb of Włochy was expanded. There was the Towarzystwo Akcyjne Walcowni “Włochy” (formerly Towarzystwo Akcyjne Fabryki Łopat Żelaznych ) rolling mill , which was also partially destroyed during the war, owned by the entrepreneur Stanisław Lubomirski , who started this company in 1921 with “Orthwein i Karasiński” and a machine factory in the Kraków suburb of Błocki Ownership of the Warsaw "Tehate" Towarzystwo dla Handlu, Przemysłu i Rolnictwa Spółka Akcyjna ) merged. The negotiations to merge the two companies were conducted after the war under the direction of Edward Orthwein. In Włochy, a modern production facility with its own power station, district heating system and railway connection was built on an area of ​​around 20 hectares .

The superordinate management ( Konsorcjum zarządzające ) of the company was responsible to the supervisory board ( Rada Towarzystwa ). The president of this body was Lubomirski, the other members were Franciszek Brugger and Ludwik Rossmann. The operational management ( Zarząd ) was headed by Edward Orthwein.

Until the outbreak of World War II, the factory was one of the most modern companies in Poland. The site of the original factory in the city center was sold after the company moved to Włochy and parceled out in the post-war period. Smaller production facilities of the Polish Škoda plants ( Polskie Zakłady Škoda SA ) and warehouses were set up here. A cinema was also built (“Uciecha”).

After the destruction in the war and the expropriation of the owners by the Bierut decrees , the company went out. The ruins of the two brick buildings on Złota Street stood until the 1960s. Then they were demolished and a three-story school built in the socialist-functional style of the time.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c according to Advertisement (PDF; 4.3 MB) in the weekly title Przegląd Techniczny. Tygodnik poświęcony sprawom Techniki i Przemysłu , issue 1/2 of January 13, 1915 (in Polish, accessed on March 28, 2013)
  2. ↑ a b c according to an information in the catalog of the auction house Gutowski (accessed on 28 March 2013)
  3. ↑ a b according to Jacek Skorupski, short entry on Fabryka Maszyn i Odlewnia "Orthwein, Karasiński i S-ka" SA on the website of the Wirtualne Muzeum Papierów Wartościowych (in Polish, accessed on March 28, 2013)
  4. ↑ a b according to Entry Orthwein, Edward Florentyn in the Polish personal database (in Polish, accessed on March 28, 2013)
  5. ↑ a b according to Ireneusz Ihnatowicz, Obyczaj wielkiej burżuazji warszawskiej w XIX wieku , Biblioteka Wiedzy o Warszawie, Towarzystwo Miłośników Historii w Warszawie (ed.), Państwowy Instytut Wydawn. (Verlag), 1971, p. 213
  6. ↑ according to Joseph Marcus: Social and Political History of the Jews in Poland 1919-1939 , de Gruyter, ISBN 90-279-3239-5 , Berlin 1983, p. 85
  7. ↑ The coordinates of the article refer to this first company headquarters
  8. ↑ according to Walter Mevius and Richard Żelichowski: Warschaus Wasserversorgung , p. 42 , in: Fachlicheberichte HWW , No. 2, 19th year, 2002 (accessed on March 26, 2013)
  9. ↑ according to Zbigniew Landau and Jerzy Tomaszewski, W dobie inflacji, 1918-1923 , volume 1 by Gospodarka Polski międzywojennej, 1918-1939 , Książka i Wiedza (publisher), Warsaw 1967, p. 64
  10. ↑ according to List entry Skrócone Kalendarium Włoch at Wlochy-pod-warszawa.pl (in Polish, accessed on March 28, 2013)
  11. ↑ according to Jerzy S. Majewski: Czar starych kin: przed wojną w Warszawie było I 70 in Gazeta.pl (Warsaw) on April 8, 2012 (in Polish, accessed on March 28, 2013)

Web links

literature

  • Jerzy S. Majewski: Warszawa na starych pocztówkach , ISBN 978-83-268-1238-5 , from the series: Biblioteka Gazety Wyborczej , Agora SA, Warsaw 2013, p. 216.


Coordinates: 52 ° 13 ′ 48.8 ″  N , 20 ° 59 ′ 45.7 ″  E