Driving school
Driving school is a term for a predominantly private school to acquire the theoretical and practical knowledge to drive a motor vehicle .
For service driver's licenses during military training, there are usually separate driving schools, such as the Bundeswehr . In Switzerland, the military driving license is linked to the civilian driving license .
Anyone wishing to run a driving school in Germany needs a driving school permit in accordance with the Driving Instructor Act . Anyone who trains learner drivers ( driving instructors ) in Germany requires a driving instructor license in accordance with the Driving Instructor Act.
In many European countries, learning trips can be carried out on a private basis. Anyone who gives driving lessons commercially requires a driving instructor's license.
For Austria see also L17 training .
Driving schools in Germany
history
The term already existed in Germany in connection with the training of coachmen. A riding and driving school was founded in Elmshorn in 1894 .
The first German driving school was founded by Rudolf Kempf as the "car driving school " of the Kempf'schen private technical center in Aschaffenburg . Their first course started on November 7, 1904. Men aged 17 and over who were able to present an official moral certificate were allowed to participate. 36 technically gifted men - locksmiths, mechanics, automobile dealers - from different nations took part in the first course. The training, which was not yet mandatory at the time, was intended to prepare prospective chauffeurs for their job and teach vehicle owners to drive themselves in separate courses.
Kempf's driving school was welcomed and supported by the automobile manufacturers. They hoped that good driver training would generate greater buyers' interest in automobiles. On November 17, 1906, however, Kempf's license to train drivers was withdrawn because of immoral behavior.
With the ordinance on the training of motor vehicle drivers of February 3, 1910 , an officially authorized person was prescribed for training. Up to this point in time anyone could take part in training if they knew how to drive.
With the ordinance of March 1, 1921 , the license for training was re-regulated by the upper administrative authority. From now on one spoke of driving instructor and driving school. This was the first time that a certain minimum level of requirements for a driving instructor was set. The owner of a car factory or car dealership could also register as a driving instructor.
The driving instructor training was transferred to the so-called driving instructor training centers with the Driving Instructor Act (FahrlG) of August 25, 1969 . From this time on, driving instructors received regular training.
Since 2011 it has been possible in Germany to drive a car at 17 instead of 18 ( accompanied driving ). To do this, the learner driver must submit an application for "accompanied driving" to the driving license authorities; this is possible at the earliest at the age of 16.5.
Driving instructor training (Germany)
Driving instructors are state-recognized teachers according to the federal law on driving instructors (Fahrlehrergesetz) and its regulations. They train their students, mostly people who want to acquire a license to drive vehicles (learner drivers ), in theory and practice according to the requirements of the learner driver training regulations .
Anyone who wants to teach or train learner drivers requires official recognition, as evidenced by the driving instructor license / driving instructor license. In Germany, this is issued on the basis of the Driving Instructors Act (FahrlG) by the responsible road traffic authority on application, provided that the applicant can demonstrate the general requirements and in particular the completed examinations of the state-regulated training. Proof of a license to teach as a state-approved driving instructor is provided with the driving instructor's license, which must be carried by the driving instructor during the practical training.
Learner driver training (Germany)
The driver training for driving a vehicle consists of two parts. The theory and practice for which an exam must be taken in this order in order to obtain the driver's license. For each driving license, twelve double lessons have to be attended, in which general knowledge about driving on the road is imparted. There are different lessons, but theoretically a learner driver could go to the same theory lesson twelve times and would have done his general part with it. In addition, there are a different number of additional hours in which specific knowledge is imparted for a specific class. (For class B e.g. 2, for class A e.g. 4). If these hours can be shown to have been attended, the learner driver receives a training certificate from the driving school. He can then register for the theory test. Basic and specific questions are asked in the exam. For class B there are z. B. For the first acquisition 20 basic and ten special questions, with ten possible error points, of which, however, only one question may be answered incorrectly, which brings five error points. As an extension of a class already acquired, there are only ten questions each, but only six possible error points. After the test, the learner driver receives a signed proof of pass or failure including the points of failure sorted by categories, which he must hand in to his driving school.
The practical part consists of a varying number of "practice hours" and the special training trips. The number of "practice hours" varies depending on the learner's ability. Only when the driving instructor is of the opinion that the learner driver is ready for the special training drives can he begin with them. At first acquisition, there are at least 12 compulsory hours, which are made up of night / lighting, motorway and cross-country trips. If these are completed and the learner's skills are sufficient for the practical test, he will be registered for the practical test by his driving school on request. This consists of a small theoretical part, in which brief questions about the class are asked (e.g. “When is the hazard warning light switched on?” For class B or “Please do a light check!” For class A) and the actual Ride together. The practical exam takes around 45 minutes. Then the learner driver, if he has passed, receives the driver's license or driver's license directly.
statistics
On 1 January 2017 the Central register of licenses (Company had ZFER ) 44,610 people registered with a driving instructional permit. 5406 training licenses from the Bundeswehr, Federal Border Guard and police are not taken into account. In addition, the competent authority ( StVA ) has non-public statistics.
The number of driving schools registered in Germany, on the other hand, fell from 13,262 in 2009 to 11,470 in 2015. This also correlates with the declining number of driving students, often due to driving instructors who are retiring and a lack of young talent.
In accordance with the requirements of customers, especially those of transport companies that have their drivers trained in a targeted manner, there are some driving schools that have their processes, customer orientation and organization subject to regular external controls as part of a voluntary quality management system and are certified according to DIN EN ISO 9000 ff .
For statistics on the driving tests, see Driver training and driving license test # Overview .
Driving schools in Switzerland
In Switzerland, anyone over the age of 23 who has held a license of the same category for at least three years is entitled to accompany the learner driver (ie the holder of the “learner's license”) during their training, provided this is not done commercially. However, lessons are almost always given by a driving instructor in parallel.
Driving schools in France
The first driving school, "Société L'Automobile", was founded in Paris as early as 1896.
Equipment of driving school vehicles
Motor vehicle
Germany
Two-lane driving school vehicles (motor vehicles) must be equipped with pedals for driving instructors (driving school double control or driving instructor pedals). The red signs with the words "Fahrschule" are voluntary.
Austria
Driving school vehicles are marked at the rear with a white L on a blue background, practice drives without a trained driving instructor are also permitted.
Switzerland
Driving school vehicles must be equipped with additional rear-view mirrors for the driving instructor and the instruments required for operational safety must be visible from the front passenger seat. In the case of cars, the driving instructor must have the same foot-operated devices available to the learner driver. A second brake and clutch pedal are required in trucks and buses.
In addition, apart from the required maximum speed, the following requirements for the test vehicle apply to the practical driving tests:
- Category BE: vehicle combination of a vehicle of category B and a trailer with a permissible total weight of at least 1000 kg, an operating weight of 800 kg and a closed body
- Category C1 / D1: operating weight of at least 4 tons and length of at least 5 meters
- Category C1E: Vehicle combination of a vehicle of category C1 and a trailer with a permissible total weight of at least 1250 kg, an operating weight of 800 kg and a closed body with the height and width of the towing vehicle. The length of the combination must be at least 8 meters
- Category D1E: Vehicle combination of a vehicle of category D1 and a trailer with a gross vehicle weight of at least 1250 kg, an operating weight of 800 kg and a closed body with a height of at least 2 meters. A C1E category test vehicle can also be used
- Category C: operating weight of at least 12 tons, length of at least 8 meters and width of at least 2.30 meters. The structure must consist of a closed body.
- Category CE: Vehicle combination of a vehicle of category C and a trailer with a length of at least 7.5 meters. The total train weight must be at least 21 tons and the operating weight 15 tons. The vehicle combination must be at least 14 meters long and 2.30 meters wide
- Category D: social car with a length of at least 10 m and a width of at least 2.30 meters
- Category DE: Vehicle combination of a category D vehicle and a trailer with a gross vehicle weight of at least 1250 kg, an operating weight of 800 kg and a closed body with a height of at least 2 meters and a width of 2.30 m.
The driving school vehicles are usually designed for these requirements for test vehicles and, in the case of trucks, are used appropriately loaded for driving lessons.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Chronicle of the riding and driving club of Elmshorn. Retrieved January 11, 2017 .
- ↑ Federal Motor Transport Authority - driving instruction permits. In: www.kba.de. Retrieved March 30, 2017 .
- ↑ Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt - January 1, 2015 / year 2014 - Number of persons with driving instruction permit on January 1, 2015 according to age. Retrieved March 1, 2017 .
- ↑ Statistics on the car driving license - LIZENDA®. Retrieved on August 1, 2018 (German).
- ↑ Südwest Presse Online-Dienst GmbH: Driving schools: Driving schools have no offspring . In: swp.de . October 10, 2017 ( swp.de [accessed August 1, 2018]).
- ↑ USAGES ET USAGERS DE LA ROUTE, MOBILITÉ ET ACCIDENTS 1860 - 2008 T. 1 p. 400 (according to page count) / p. 403 (according to Word Viewer)
- ↑ Road Traffic Office of the Canton of Thurgau: Requirements for driving school vehicles ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF) on tg.ch
- ↑ Road Traffic Office of the Canton of Zurich: Category BE on stva.zh.ch
- ↑ Road Traffic Office of the Canton of Zurich: Category C1 on stva.zh.ch
- ^ Road traffic office of the canton of Zurich: Category D1 on stva.zh.ch
- ↑ Road Traffic Office of the Canton of Zurich: Category C1E on stva.zh.ch
- ↑ Road Traffic Office of the Canton of Zurich: Category D1E on stva.zh.ch
- ↑ Road Traffic Office of the Canton of Zurich: Category C on stva.zh.ch
- ↑ Road Traffic Office of the Canton of Zurich: Category CE on stva.zh.ch
- ↑ Road Traffic Office of the Canton of Zurich: Category D on stva.zh.ch
- ↑ Road Traffic Office of the Canton of Zurich: Category DE on stva.zh.ch
Web links
- Germany
- BVF The Federal Association of Driving Instructors' Associations, umbrella organization for driving instructors in Germany
- Austria
- Switzerland