Family part time

The family part-time is a concept of work organization and, if necessary, the increase in income, which provides an opportunity for employees to work part-time in the context of raising their children or caring for seriously ill relatives .

To models of the family part time on the one hand include government regulations that guarantee a claim to work exemption, such as in Germany and Sweden, the parent time ( parental part-time) as well as the care part-time ( maintenance time in part time). On the other hand, this includes collective or company agreements.

At the same time as the time off, special regulations on protection against dismissal and on the offsetting of the time off in the pension insurance may apply .

The introduction of family part-time work is seen as a measure to improve the compatibility of family and work .

concept

According to the approach, part-time family work (parental part-time, part-time care) is a load balancing between different age groups and people with different family situations. An example is an article by Die Zeit from 2001, which said: It is just as nonsensical to favor people because of their years of life as it is to disadvantage them because they are young. Although older people have never been as fit, as productive as they are today, we push thousands upon thousands of highly tax-deductible part-time or sidelined children, while parents of small children have to toil full-time even after the night shift to earn the essentials. Stop it. If older people help according to their health, families can for their part take part-time work for families at a reduced rate. Then they will finally have enough money and the time for each other that is necessary.

A similar concept is based on the child bonus time, which is also agreed in the company or by collective bargaining agreements and where parents of small children receive additional vacation days or work a reduced number of hours per week without compromising on pay. Family parental leave and child bonus periods, like partial retirement, are elements of a life phase-oriented working time.

implementation

Legal claim

In Germany, the right to parental leave and parental part-time is regulated in the Federal Parental Allowance and Parental Leave Act (for information on the right to parental part-time, see parental leave # part-time employment ).

In Germany, an employer can only partially refuse an employee who is entitled to care leave if this is justified by conflicting, urgent operational issues.

Protection against dismissal

In Germany, according to the Federal Parental Allowance and Parental Leave Act, there is an extensive ban on dismissal for parental leave and part-time parental leave (see parental leave #Protection before termination during parental leave ). Protection against dismissal for care leave and part-time care work is regulated in the Care Leave Act, and accordingly the employer may only terminate an employee in care leave or part-time care leave with special permission from the time of the announcement until the end of the leave or care leave (see special protection against dismissal ).

In Austria, parents who are on parental part-time work are generally protected against dismissal and dismissal up to four weeks after the child's 4th birthday.

Part-time family work financed by tax or social security

Parental allowance for reduced working hours

In some countries, the state-regulated parental allowance can be extended over several years in combination with reduced working hours. Under certain conditions, it can be designed using a time account .

In Norway, the parental allowance can be extended over up to three years. A design as a time account requires that a written agreement has been made with the employer or, for freelancers and self-employed, with the local public insurance office. In Sweden, parental allowance can optionally be extended over a longer period of time and can be drawn proportionally at 50%, 75%, etc., and the percentage use extends the period of drawing until 100% of the entitlement has been applied; Swedish partial parental allowance can be drawn for an eighth part per day (i.e. about one hour) until the child is 8 years old. Due to this percentage claim, parental allowance can be drawn in Sweden for a longer period of time until it is 100% claimed. In Germany, recipients of parental allowance who work part-time are entitled to partial parental allowance . For parents of children born before July 1, 2015, however, the partial parental allowance for many beneficiaries is significantly lower than the corresponding percentage of the (full) parental allowance for many beneficiaries, because they consume their entitlement to parental allowance months per month to the same extent as if they were completely exempted. More similar to the Scandinavian models, however, is the Elterngeld Plus , to which parents of children born on or after July 1, 2015 are entitled.

In addition to the possibility of regular reduced working hours, further state regulations allow parents to be released from work if necessary in the event of (partial) payment. In Germany, for example, if the child is sick, there is a right to leave and child sickness benefit , and in special circumstances there is also a right to leave from work . In Sweden, if a child is ill, visits a doctor, starts school or similar situations, there is a right to time off and the associated granting of a temporary parental benefit ( tillfälldrapenning ) of 80% of the income for up to 120 days per year and child.

Further concepts of tax or social security financed family part-time work

A model of parental short- time work proposed in 1990 stipulated that parents with children up to eight years of age receive compensation if they reduce their working hours by up to five hours a week; At the same time, an equality bonus was proposed, which should also be paid out if both parents or the higher-income parent took a break from work. Another model, also known as “parental short-time work”, provided for short full-time work for fathers and mothers, with special incentives for men to take part in family work with a working time limit of six hours a day. After the introduction of parental allowance, the German Association for Public and Private Welfare recommended in October 2009 to strengthen the situation of parents who both work part-time during parental leave and to introduce a regulation similar to partial retirement in order to reconcile family and work life examine, which can be taken after parental leave, emphasized at the same time: "In any case, it should be avoided that such part-time family work would exacerbate the existing polarization of working hours between the genders, because women in particular take up this option" .

A crediting of the family parental leave for the pension that goes beyond the creditable child-rearing times is under discussion. In 2000, the Bavarian State Women's Committee ( BayLFA ) called for “part-time family work” for women [sic] who bring up children or look after relatives, similar to the current regulation under the Part-Time Workers Act . A discussion paper by the GenderKompetenzZentrum on the subject of gender mainstreaming also states: " We will only cope with demographic change and the economic challenges of the future [...] if we distribute care for children and the elderly more fairly, if we provide better state support and women and men, who do this work relieve the burden - why is there subsidized partial retirement, why no subsidized family partial time? "

At the beginning of 2014, Family Minister Manuela Schwesig proposed a 20% reduction in weekly working hours for parents with tax-financed partial wages. She explained: “Full time has to be redefined for parents” but left it open as to whether and how such full-time parental work should be linked to the parental allowance plus planned in the coalition agreement .

In April 2014, the DIHK demanded a 35-hour week for parents in order to counter the looming labor shortage. Because if both parents worked 35 hours, this would be more than the widespread full-time work of the father and part-time work of the mother. In 2014, IG Metall announced that it would demand a 30-hour week for parents.

According to the collective bargaining agreement that IG Metall negotiated with employers in 2018, from 2019 all employees, but no more than 10 percent of the workforce in a company, have the right to increase their weekly working hours to up to 28 hours for a period of 6 to 24 months shorten. This model is known as “short full-time”. In return, a company in which employees work “short full-time” is automatically given the opportunity to let other employees work longer in order to achieve a “collective company working time volume” with an average of 35.9 hours.

Operational agreements

An early and frequently cited example of company family leave was implemented in the B. Braun company in Melsungen with effect from January 1, 2007. In the case of 50% working hours, the employer increases the remuneration by 15% for the first child or for caring for sick relatives, and by 25% for the second child. This example has been cited as exemplary several times, including by the BMFSFJ . B. Braun's family part-time model is anchored in the company agreement . According to the chairman of the board, Ludwig Georg Braun , the part-time work with the family should “motivate our employees to return to work as quickly as possible so as not to lose touch”. According to Braun, the goal is "that the women or men who decide to take care of children in the years when the children particularly need them, do not interrupt their contact with the company and stay in their jobs." The family part-time model would avoid bridging, fluctuation and reintegration costs.

See also

• Family care time

Individual evidence

1. ↑ The betrayed family. Demographic madness: the government forgot about the children. In: time online. January 31, 2001, accessed December 5, 2009 . 
2. ↑ Info folder: Childcare allowance at www.femail.at, p. 10 ( Memento of the original dated January 30, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed October 30, 2010) 
3. ^ Parental benefit on birth. (No longer available online.) Norwegian National Insurance (NAV), 2010, archived from the original on February 12, 2010 ; Retrieved October 31, 2010 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
4. ↑ For the condition of the design as a time account see: Charlotte Büchner, Peter Haan, Christian Schmitt, C. Katharina Spieß , Katharina Wrohlich: Impact study " Elterngeld ". Report by DIW Berlin on behalf of the Federal Ministry for Family, Seniors, Women and Youth, Berlin. 2006, accessed June 27, 2010 .  Therein: Annex III., Table III. Overview of parental leave regulations in Norway (Missoc 2004) PDF page 83
5. ↑ Sweden , ec.europa.eu, 2002 (accessed October 30, 2010)
6. ↑ The Swedish Social Insurance - försäkringskassan. (No longer available online.) November 24, 2008, archived from the original on May 3, 2014 ; Retrieved October 30, 2010 . 
7. ↑ Sweden , ec.europa.eu, 2002 (accessed on May 11, 2010)
8. ↑ Jan M. Hoem: Why do Swedes have more children than Germans? (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on August 6, 2010 ; Retrieved May 11, 2010 .  Also published in: Demographic Research 2005, Vol. 13, Art. 22, pages 559-572
9. ↑ Equality without compatibility - compatibility without equality? (PDF; 26 kB) 3rd Equal Opportunities Conference of the Hans Böckler Foundation on 27./28. September 2007 in Berlin
10. ↑ Silke Bothfeld: From childcare leave to parental leave: Political learning in the reform process, 2005, p. 210 , ISBN 978-3-593-37714-8
11. ↑ Recommendations of the German Association for the Compatibility of Family and Work Life. (PDF) (No longer available online.) German Association for Public and Private Welfare, October 7, 2009, formerly in the original ; Retrieved December 5, 2009 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.   P. 16  ( page can no longer be called up , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.   
12. ↑ Recommendations of the German Association for the Compatibility of Family and Work Life. (PDF) (No longer available online.) German Association for Public and Private Welfare, October 7, 2009, formerly in the original ; Retrieved December 5, 2009 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.   P. 17  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.   
13. ^ Opinion of the Bavarian State Women's Committee on Women - Losers of the 2000 Pension Reform? (PDF) (No longer available online.) September 20, 2000, formerly in the original ; Retrieved December 5, 2009 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.    
14. ↑ Christine Färber: Review and status of gender mainstreaming and gender budgeting. (PDF; 118 kB) Retrieved on November 1, 2010 (presentation at the conference on the fifth anniversary of the GenderKompetenzZentrum on October 29, 2008 at the Humboldt University in Berlin). P. 9 
15. ↑ Schwesig wants family part-time with tax subsidies. Reuters Germany, January 10, 2014, accessed April 5, 2014 . 
16. ↑ Family ministers suggests 32-hour model: Schwesig calls for “full time for parents”. n-tv, January 9, 2014, accessed April 5, 2014 . 
17. ↑ New part-time model: DIHK wants 35-hour week for parents. t-online.de, April 5, 2014, accessed April 15, 2014 . 
18. ↑ 2018 collective bargaining round: The new collective agreement in the M + E industry is in place. In: iwd compact. February 9, 2018, accessed April 28, 2018 . 
19. ↑ The company's personnel policy. “Job and Family”. (PDF) (No longer available online.) In: 5th Kassel Health Days 2008. February 16, 2008, formerly in the original ; Retrieved December 5, 2009 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.   P. 13  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.   
20. ↑ ^{a b} Memorandum Family Living. Impulses for a family-conscious time policy. (PDF; 3.3 MB) (No longer available online.) BMFSFJ, archived from the original on January 31, 2012 ; Retrieved December 5, 2009 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
21. ↑ ^{a b} Family businesses need leading figures. In: Magazine Mitbestigung 06/2008. Hans Böckler Foundation , accessed on December 5, 2009 . 
22. ↑ Lecture by Prof. Dr. Georg-Ludwig Braun, Future Conference "Demographic Change" on November 25, 2006. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on October 26, 2007 ; Retrieved December 5, 2009 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.