Field spiders
| Field spiders | ||||||||||||
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Colorful rock stray ( Liocranum rupicola ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Liocranidae | ||||||||||||
| Simon , 1897 |
The field spiders (Liocranidae) are a spider family from the suborder of the real spiders (Araneomorphae) and comprise 31 genera with 271 species . (As of October 2016)
In Central Europe there are 15 species in seven genera. The field spiders were previously placed with the bag spiders (Clubionidae), but have been split off as a separate family.
features
Field spiders have a physique similar to that of a wolf spider . The basic color of most species is light brown to dark brown. The front body ( prosoma ) is usually not very hairy and weakly marked. The back of the body ( opisthosoma ) usually shows more or less pronounced transverse spots and a thin skewer spot. The legs are usually uniformly brown, sometimes with a slight curl.
Way of life
Field spiders are mostly nocturnal . During the day they usually hide under stones and are therefore relatively difficult to spot. Most of the evidence is therefore made with the help of soil traps or indirectly via cocoon finds .
All field spiders are ground dwellers. They hunt their prey on the ground and do not build nets. The spinnerets are mainly used to build their cocoons.
Some species of the genus of fairy lamp spiders ( Agroeca ) build a rather conspicuous cocoon. In the case of the fairy lamp spider of the same name ( Agroeca brunnea ), this has the shape of an upturned wine glass. The cocoon is attached to a blade of grass and then usually camouflaged with earth.
Systematics
The World Spider Catalog currently lists 31 genera and 271 species for field spiders. (As of October 2016)
- Agraecina Simon , 1932
- Agroeca Westring , 1861
- Andromma Simon , 1893
- Apostenus Westring , 1851
-
Arabelia Bosselaers , 2009
- Arabelia pheidoleicomes Bosselaers , 2009
- Argistes Simon , 1897
- Coryssiphus Simon , 1903
- Cteniogaster Bosselaers & Jocqué , 2013
- Cybaeodes Simon , 1878
- Donuea Beach , 1932
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Hesperocranum Ubick & Platnick , 1991
- Hesperocranum rothi Ubick & Platnick , 1991
- Jacaena Thorell , 1897
- Koppe Deeleman-Reinhold , 2001
- Laudetia Gertsch , 1941
- Liocranoeca Wunderlich , 1999
- Liocranum L. Koch , 1866
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Liparochrysis Simon , 1909
- Liparochrysis resplendens Simon , 1909
- Mesiotelus Simon , 1897
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Mesobria Simon , 1897
- Mesobria guttata Simon , 1897
- Neoanagraphis Gertsch & Mulaik , 1936
- Oedignatha Thorell , 1881
- Paratus Simon , 1898
- Rhaeboctesis Simon , 1897
-
Sagana Thorell , 1875
- Sagana rutilans Thorell , 1875
- Scotina crowd , 1873
- Sesieutes Simon , 1897
- Sphingius Thorell , 1890
- Sudharmia Deeleman-Reinhold , 2001
- Teutamus Thorell , 1890
- Toxoniella Warui & Jocqué , 2002
-
Vankeeria Bosselaers , 2012
- Vankeeria catoptronifera Bosselaers , 2012
Species in Central Europe (selection)
- Fairy lamp spider ( Agroeca brunnea ( Blackwall , 1833) )
- Agroeca proxima ( OP-Cambridge , 1871)
- Colorful rock stray ( Liocranum rupicola ) ( Walckenaer , 1830)
Web links
Liocranidae in the World Spider Catalog
literature
- Heiko Bellmann : Cosmos Atlas Arachnids of Europe . 3rd edition, 2006. Kosmos, Stuttgart, ISBN 978-3-440-10746-1
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Natural History Museum of the Burgergemeinde Bern: World Spider Catalog Version 17.5 - Liocranidae . Retrieved October 20, 2016.