Colorful rock stray

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Colorful rock stray
Colorful rock stray (Liocranum rupicola), female

Colorful rock stray ( Liocranum rupicola ), female

Systematics
Class : Arachnids (arachnida)
Order : Spiders (Araneae)
Subordination : Real spiders (Araneomorphae)
Family : Field spiders (Liocranidae)
Genre : Rock stray ( Liocranum )
Type : Colorful rock stray
Scientific name
Liocranum rupicola
( Walckenaer , 1830)

The colorful rock stray or just rock stray ( Liocranum rupicola ) is a spider from the family of field spiders (Liocranidae). Its trivial names come from its visual appearance and way of life.

features

male

The female of the colorful rock stray reaches a body length of 5.5 to 9 millimeters and the male one of 4.9 to 6.5 millimeters. The species has a light brown basic color. The carapace (back plate of the prosoma or front body) has two dark longitudinal bars. The edge of the carapace is black, as is the underside of the legs. The tibiae (greaves) have apophyses ( chitinated appendages ) that are small and slightly curved. The emboli (end links of the bulb or genital organs) of the male are short. On the opisthosoma (back of the abdomen) there is a dark longitudinal spot followed by several angular spots. The flanks of the opisthosoma are also colored black.

Similar species

The fairy lamp spider ( Agroeca brunnea ), which also belongs to the field spiders, resembles the colorful rock stray

In addition to other rock strays , the colorful rock stray is similar to the fairy lamp spider ( Agroeca brunnea ), which belongs to the same family , but differs from this in particular in its wider head and forehead.

Occurrence

In nature, the Bunte Felsenstreuer prefers dry areas such as this heather in the Netherlands .

The colorful rock stray is a species widespread in the Palearctic and occurs in Europe , Turkey and Russia , from the European part to western Siberia . Accordingly, it can also be found in Germany , but is absent in the northwest of the country. The species is found in dry areas such as heathlands , steppes and cliffs as well as in forests . The Bunte Felsenstreuner also appears in buildings.

Threat and protection

In Germany, the Bunte Felsenstreuner can be found moderately or rarely, but is still considered safe due to its wide distribution. In the Red List of Threatened Species of Animals, Plants and Fungi in Germany , the species is classified as "not endangered " and enjoys no protection.

Way of life

The colorful rock stray can be found in its natural habitats under stones as well as on and under tree bark. Like all field spiders, the Bunte Felsenstreuner is a nocturnal hunter who neither creates webs of living space nor spider webs for catching purposes, but hunts prey freely. Accordingly, he hides especially during the day. Since the species does not create a web sack and thus lives nomadically, it has received its trivial name "stray".

Phenology and reproduction

The colorful rock stray can be found all year round. After mating, the female, unlike many other spiders, does not make an egg cocoon , but guards the eggs, which are only under a loose layer of spider silk, until they hatch.

Systematics

The colorful rock stray was placed in the family of the sack spiders (Clubionidae) until the first description of the field spiders in 1897 and accordingly received the name Clubiona rupicola in the genus of the real sack spiders ( Clubiona ) from its first describer Charles Athanase Walckenaer . By Carl Ludwig Koch the species was in the genre of tegenaria ( Tegenaria transferred) and was named Tegenaria notata . The current name Liocranum rupicola gradually gained acceptance in 1878 since it was first used by Eugène Simon . The genus of rock strays, the type of which is the colorful rock stray, was later reclassified into the family of field spiders. Other synonyms of the colorful rock stray are:

  • Clubiona domestica Wider , 1834
  • Philoica notata C. L. Koch , 1841
  • Liocranum domesticum Thorell , 1870

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Liocranum rupicola (Walckenaer, 1830) at ArachnoPhoto , accessed on March 5, 2020.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Liocranum rupicola (Walckenaer, 1830) from araneae Spiders of Europe, by Wolfgang Nentwig, Theo Blick, Robert Bosmans, Daniel Gloor, Ambros Hänggi & Christian Kropf , accessed on March 5, 2020.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Heiko Bellmann: The cosmos spider guide. Over 400 species in Europe. 2nd Edition. Kosmos Naturführer, Kosmos (Franckh-Kosmos), 2016, ISBN 978-3-440-14895-2 , p. 232.
  4. ↑ a b Liocranidae (Simon, 1897) at ArachnoPhoto , accessed on March 5, 2020.
  5. ↑ a b c Liocranum rupicola (Walckenaer, 1830) in the Red List Center , accessed on March 5, 2020.
  6. ↑ Liocranum rupicola (Walckenaer, 1830) and other European field spiders from The Spiders of Europe and Greenland , accessed on March 5, 2020.
  7. ↑ Liocranum rupicola (Walckenaer, 1830) in the WSC World Spider Catalog , accessed on 5 March 2020th

literature

  • Heiko Bellmann: The cosmos spider guide. Over 400 species in Europe. 2nd Edition. Kosmos Naturführer, Kosmos (Franckh-Kosmos), 2016, ISBN 978-3-440-14895-2 .

Web links

Commons : Bunter Felsenstreuner  - Collection of images, videos and audio files