Fernand Pelloutier

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Fernand Pelloutier

Fernand-Léonce Emile Pelloutier (born October 1, 1867 in Paris , † March 13, 1901 in Sèvres , Hauts-de-Seine ) was one of the great figures of French revolutionary syndicalism .

Life

Born into a monarchist family, he finished his studies after failing his high school diploma and became a journalist in 1886. At first he was attracted by republican ideas, later he became a socialist. In 1892 he joins the Marxist Parti ouvrier français by Jules Guesde in. He and Aristide Briand wrote a brochure De la révolution par la grève générale (Eng .: About the revolution through the general strike ). Later Pelloutier joins anarchism .

In 1895 he was elected secretary of the Fédération nationale des Bourses du Travail . He criticizes the terrorist strategy of Ravachol and prefers to develop the employment exchanges further. Under his leadership, the number of exchanges grew rapidly, from 33 in 1894 to 81 in 1901. These local union cartels appear to many workers to be more efficient and pragmatic than simple professional unions. For Pelloutier, the job exchanges are an expression of unabbreviated syndicalism. They see themselves as organizations of solidarity and are equipped with various mutual institutions: employment agencies, solidarity funds, health insurance funds, unemployment funds and provision in the event of death.

The job exchanges are equipped with libraries designed to allow workers to better understand their situation. Represented authors include Pierre-Joseph Proudhon , Adam Smith , Karl Marx , Émile Zola , Kropotkin , Bakunin . Pelloutier also organizes evening courses. He tries to maintain the job exchanges and to maintain their autonomy within the CGT , which he distrusts. After suffering from tuberculosis all his life, Pelloutier dies early and in poverty.

Works

  • Les Syndicats en France . Librairie ouvrière, Paris 1897.
  • Histoire des bourses du travail. Origine, institutions, avenir . Published posthumously by Georges Sorel . Schleicher, Paris 1902.

literature

  • Jacques Julliard: Fernand Pelloutier et les origines du syndicalisme d'action directe . Paris 1971.
  • FF Ridley: Revolutionary Syndicalism in France . Cambridge 1970.
  • Peter Schöttler : The origin of the "Bourses du Travail" . Frankfurt / Main 1982.
  • Barbara Mitchell: The Practical Revolutionaries. A New Interpretation of the French Anarchosyndicalists . New York 1987.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Pelloutier, Fernand
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Pelloutier, Fernand-Léonce Emile (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French trade unionist
DATE OF BIRTH October 1, 1867
PLACE OF BIRTH Paris , France
DATE OF DEATH March 13, 1901
Place of death Sèvres , Hauts-de-Seine department , France