Harp bushes

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Harp bushes
Plectranthus fruticosus

Plectranthus fruticosus

Systematics
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Mint family (Lamiaceae)
Subfamily : Nepetoideae
Tribe : Ocimeae
Genre : Harp bushes
Scientific name
Plectranthus
L'Hér.

The Plectranthus ( Plectranthus ) are a genus within the family of the mint (Lamiaceae).

description

Illustration from Curtis's Botanical Magazine, Plate 7818 from Plectranthus elegans
Electron micrograph of simple trichomes on a fallen leaf of Coleus ( Plectranthus scutellarioides )
Illustration of Plectranthus parviflorus from Nikolaus Joseph Jacquin : Fragmenta botanica, figuris coloratis illustrata , plate 91

Vegetative characteristics

In Plectranthus TYPES comes to rare one-year or mostly perennial herbaceous plants and half-shrubs . Some succulent species are also found in this genus. Plectranthus species are mostly aromatic, mostly they give off a more or less pleasant, relatively intense scent. There are simple hairs ( trichomes , indument ) on the above-ground parts of the plant .

The mostly opposite leaves are usually divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The often fleshy leaf blades are usually simple. The leaf margins are notched to serrated.

Generative characteristics

Most of the flowers are in zymose , paniculate or spiked inflorescences . The bracts can be durable or perishable. There are flower stalks.

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are fused into a bell-shaped, two-lipped calyx. The five calyx lobes are clearly unequal. The lower lip consists of a broad, egg-shaped calyx lobe. The upper lip ends in five pointed calyx teeth. The calyx tube is often ring-shaped inside. The five petals are fused. The flower crowns are often purple to bluish or white. The corolla is two-lipped. The upper lip is short four-lobed. The lower lip is entire. Above the calyx tube, the corolla tube is usually curved and widened in the upper area. There are four bald stamens . The style ends in two somewhat dissimilar style branches.

The calyx enlarges until the fruit is ripe and is then often bent down. The four bare chests are ovate to elongated.

Systematics and distribution

The first publication of Plectranthus was made in 1788 by Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle aut Stirpes Novae minus Cognitae 84 verso. Type species is Plectranthus fruticosus L'Hér. The generic name Plectranthus is derived from the Greek words plectron for spur, and anthos for flowers.

Synonyms for Plectranthus L'Hér. nom. cons. are: Ascocarydion G.Taylor , Briquetastrum Robyns & Lebrun , Burnatastrum Briq. , Calchas P.V.Heath , Capitanya Schweinf. ex Gürke , Coleus Lour , Englerastrum Briq. , Germanea Lam. , Holostylon Robyns & Lebrun , Isodictyophorus Briq. , Leocus A. Chev. , Majana Rumph. ex Kuntze nom. super fluffy , Mitsa Chapel. ex Benth. , Neohyptis J.K.Morton , Neomuellera Briq. , Perrierastrum Guillaumin , Rabdosiella Codd , Saccostoma Wall. ex Voigt , Solenostemon Thonn. , Symphostemon Hiern . Coleus and Solenostemon are synonyms for Plectranthus , and the colored nettle species also belong to the genus Plectranthus .

The genus Plectranthus belongs to the subtribe Plectranthinae from the tribe Ocimeae in the subfamily Nepetoideae within the family Lamiaceae .

The Plectranthus species are common from the tropics to the subtropics of the Old World .

Harvesting the subterranean plant parts of Plectranthus rotundifolius

Individual species and their uses

Plectranthus species are widely used. They are not hardy in Central Europe ; with the exception of only the type hardy to about -15 ° C Plectranthus excisus .

In particular, cultivated forms with white or creamy yellow leaf margins or variegation are used as structure plants to loosen up and neutralize contrasting colors between flowering balcony plants . The best-known here are the rapidly growing Plectranthus glabratus and Plectranthus forsteri , the numerous hybrids of which with other Plectranthus species are usually sold under the collective names "frankincense", "frankincense" or "moth king" in various cultivars. The latter name suggests that the plant should have a repellent effect on moths and mosquitoes. This “frankincense” must not be confused with real frankincense ( Boswellia ), even if its scent is similar. In Austria the common name "Elfengold" is used for the variety Plectranthus coleoides .

Other species of Plectranthus are used as aromatic plants , such as Plectranthus amboinicus (one of the many species of plants known as Mexican oregano ).

In recent years, a hybrid of Plectranthus caninus has become known, especially in German-speaking countries, under the trade name Verpiss-dich- Pflanzen , which is said to have a driving effect against dogs and cats. The effect of the essential fragrances of this fast-growing cross, which is sold as a pure leaf plant, is highly dependent on the weather.

Individual evidence

  1. a b c d e f g h i G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez, S. Knapp F. Chiang Cabrera: Rubiaceae a Verbenaceae. , Volume 4, 2, 2012, I – XVI, pp. 1–533, In: G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez, S. Knapp, F. Chiang Cabrera (eds.): Flora of Mesoamericana , Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis. In: Plectranthus at Tropicos.org. In: Flora Mesoamericana . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  2. a b c d e f g h i j k Plectranthus at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Pakistan . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  3. a b Plectranthus at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed January 8, 2018.
  4. a b Plectranthus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
  5. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy iz ja jb jc jd je jf jg jh ji jj jk jl jm jn jo jp jq jr js jt ju jv jw jx jy jz ka kb kc kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc m d me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Plectranthus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 8, 2018.
  6. a b c d e f g h i j k l Plectranthus at Tropicos.org. In: Catalog of the Vascular Plants of Madagascar . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  7. a b c d e f g Plectranthus in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017. Retrieved on 2018-01-15.

Web links

Commons : Harp Shrubs ( Plectranthus )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

further reading

  • Catherine W. Lukhobaa, Monique SJ Simmonds, Alan J. Paton: Plectranthus: A review of ethnobotanical uses. In: Journal of Ethnopharmacology , Volume 103, Issue 1, January 3, 2006, pp. 1-24. doi : 10.1016 / j.jep.2005.09.011 . PMID 16289602 .
  • AJ Paton, G. Bramley, O. Ryding, R. Polhill, Y. Harvey, M. Iwarsson, F. Willis, P. Phillipson, K. Balkwill, C. Lukhoba, D. Otiend, RM Harley: Lamiaceae (Labiatae) . In: Flora of Tropical East Africa , 2009, pp. 1-430.
  • AJ Paton, G. Bramley, O. Ryding, R. Polhill, YB Harvey, M. Iwarsson, D. Otieno, K. Balkwill, PB Phillipson, RM Harley, F. Willis: Flora Zambesiaca , Volumes 8, 8, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2013, pp. 1-346.