Cuxhaven fishing port

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Fishing port at the fish market
Ships in the harbor, 1928
Aerial view of the port facilities with the American port, the new and old fishing port, city marina and lock priel
Port around 1910
Cutter port
Administration building, behind the former Netzhalle
Net hall at the old fishing port
Former fish halls

The fishing port of Cuxhaven in Cuxhaven was established in 1908. It is one of the largest fishing ports in Germany. The old port and some buildings are under the protection of historical monuments in Lower Saxony and are included in the list of architectural monuments in Cuxhaven .

history

Until 1918

Old fishing port

An economic focus in Cuxhaven was and is fishing and the fish industry. In 1816, 18 Ewer (sailing ships with a flat bottom and one or two masts) based in Blankenese called at Cuxhaven . The Hamburg Senate decided to build a small fishing port north of Fährstrasse for Cuxhaven with a wooden border and a size of around 220 m × 140 m as well as an exit to the Elbe. The first fish steamers called at the port in 1892 and the fish that had landed were initially sold in a small wooden auction hall. Soon afterwards, the port only served as a protective port.

Around 1906/07 Hamburg decided to build the old fishing port with permanent quay walls ; the port went into operation in 1907. In 1906, Hamburg commissioned Friedrich Duge with an expert opinion on a sea fish market in Cuxhaven. In 1907 the sea fish market was built according to plans by Duge. a. was founded by Hans Lübbert . Duge was a fisheries inspector there until 1919. Halls I and II were created. The first auction on the sea fish market took place in 1908 after the shipping company Cuxhavener Hochseefischerei AG landed its goods with 13 fish steamers, which was around 3500 tons of fish in 1908. In 1908 the merchant and shipowner Diedrich Hahn founded the sea ​​fish business Hussmann & Hahn, which existed until 2000, in the fishing port.

The port facilities were then continuously enlarged, in 1910 by Hall II, in 1912 the Steubenhöft and in 1914 the Amerikahafen. During the First World War , port operations fell sharply.

1918 to 1990

After the war, port operations were quickly resumed in 1918/19. From 1919 to 1923 the port expanded by 650 meters to the south and in 1922 Halls IV to VI with the auction and packing halls were built on the eastern side of the port. The processors, suppliers and wholesalers as well as the dispatch station followed. On the other side came the now renovated net hall and the ice works at the equipment quay. In 1935 the new fish shipping station opens. Around 100,000 tons of fish were landed annually in the early 1930s. The road network over the Schleusenpriel between Deichstraße and Fährstraße was connected by a swing bridge, which was replaced by the listed bascule bridge in 1955 . Cuxhaven was incorporated into the Prussian province of Hanover in 1937 with the Greater Hamburg Act .

New fishing port

From 1938/39 the construction of the new fishing port began below the neighboring emigration port. The expansion plans had to be stopped due to the war. The navy used the port, fish steamers became outpost boats and only inshore fishing was possible.

After the Second World War , deep-sea fishing could slowly be resumed and Cuxhaven had an initial advantage, as the fishing port of Bremerhaven and the port in Hamburg were badly destroyed. In the 1950s there were 72 sea fish and herring wholesalers and the ports provided work for 7,000 people. Since the 1970s, fishing has been restricted by catch quotas in international law; the fishing industry in Cuxhaven lost its importance.

In the 1950s, further construction and later expansion of the new fishing port took place. The old port became less and less important. The western Nordseekai was renewed in the 1960s. Loading ramps with siding for vehicle transport by rail were created.

In 1969, in the Cuxhaven Treaty, the states of Lower Saxony and Hamburg regulated the swap of areas through the State Treaty: Cuxhaven received port areas and Hamburg the mudflat area around Neuwerk .

Since 1990

Mayor Brauer, police boat

The water police have been based at Meinkenkai since 2007 .

The southern Dugekai and the eastern Meinkenkai had to be closed around 2007 and 2011 partly because of the alleged danger of collapse, which led to public protests. In 2012 the barrier measures could be removed again.

The old fishing port was sold to Cuxhavener Plambeck Holding by the Lower Saxony port operator Niedersachsen Ports at the beginning of 2017 . At the Nordseekai, 400 m of quays are still supplied with electricity and the shrimp cutters are allowed to moor on the quay. This port area is to be used and expanded for tourist and gastronomic purposes; new hotels are planned (2020) and commercial buildings are planned. Many shops and restaurants have also settled at the new fishing port.

Along with Bremerhaven and its new fishing port , Cuxhaven has remained an important fishing location in Germany to this day. Despite the decline in fishing, 35 fish processing companies with around 1000 employees are based in Cuxhaven (2019).

Halls and train stations

Fish halls IV, V, VI
Former fish halls
Hapag halls as a passenger terminal

There were the following two-story fish halls, which today are mostly used by around 40 companies

  • Hall I from 1907 on Lübbertkai with the administration building of the fishery inspection
  • Hall II from 1907 on Lübbertkai.
  • Hall III from 1910 at Meinkenka
  • Hall IV from 1922 on Meinkenkai
  • Hall V from 1922 on Meinkenkai
  • Hall VI from 1922 on Meinkenkai
  • Hall VII from 193? on Ohlroggestraße, not directly on the water
  • Hall VIII between Schröderstraße and Ohlroggestraße, not directly on the water
  • Hall X from 1955 on Niedersachsenstrasse at the new fishing port has three floors.
  • Netzhalle from 1920 and administration building (today Nordsee-Reederei ) at the Nordseekai: The buildings Kapitän-Alexander-Straße 34-40 are listed.
  • Herring hall at the new fishing port from 1949 with a capacity of 30,000 barrels; since 1955 used by the company Hussmann & Hahn

For the fast shipping of fresh fish there were the fish shipping stations from

  • 1908 with a dispatch hall (10 × 58 m) on Hafenstrasse east of Halls III and IV with the expansion from 1913, conversion from 1935 to a herring salting plant
  • 1935 with five double-track loading ramps; over 100 railway wagons were loaded there every day. In the 1950s the station had its maximum capacity, after which the fishing industry stagnated very strongly. 1979 saw an increase in general cargo handling. In 1998, with the completion of the new multi-purpose terminal at the Amerikahafen, the fish shipping station was taken out of service. The main building and the administrative annex are now a listed building.

Larger companies and shipyards

Others

Wind force 10 - wreck and fishing museum

The urban wind force 10 - Wreck- und Fischereimuseum Cuxhaven is located in the historical area of ​​the fish handling of the fishing port. The challenges and dangers of seafaring as well as life and work on board of fishing vessels are shown on a total area of ​​approx. 4000 m².

The Cuxhaven harbor days - old fishing port take place as a regular event.

Fishing with a line is possible in some places in the port of Cuxhaven.

literature

  • Roland Baartz: Development and structural change in German deep-sea fishing, with special consideration of its importance for settlement, economy and traffic in Cuxhaven . Hamburg 1991.
  • Peter Kleinort: New perspective for the old fishing port . In: Daily port report . DVV Media Group Verlag, 2017, ISSN 2190-8753.
  • Dieter Kokot: Cuxhavener Hochseefischerei GmbH (1949–1972) formerly Danziger Heringsfischerei GmbH (1938–1949) . In: Nik Schumann: Cuxhaven, the big deep sea fishery and the sea fish market , Verlag August Rauschenplat, Cuxhaven 2008, ISBN 3-935519-29-X .
  • History of the fishing industry . Cuxhaven-Niederelbe Verlagsgesellschaft, in: 100 Years of the Cuxhaven Fish Industry . Cuxhaven 2008.
  • Kurt Eisermann: Accommodation for women workers in the fishing industry. Forty years ago the women's home in Cuxhaven was closed . In: Men from Morgenstern, Heimatbund at the mouth of the Elbe and Weser , Niederdeutsches Heimatblatt. No. 79.
  • Cuxpedia: old fishing port

Web links

Commons : Alter Fischereihafen  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Commons : Ports and harbors in Cuxhaven  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cuxpedia: halls I to X .

Coordinates: 53 ° 52 ′ 13.4 "  N , 8 ° 42 ′ 42.2"  E