Fishing gallows

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Fishing gallows in the Charente-Maritime department on the French Atlantic coast
“Bilancione da pesca” in the Po Delta near Ravenna

The fishing gallows (also known as fish scales ) is a device used to sink and lift a large net. In the past they were also called Fischwoog or Salmenwaage (Woog means the deepest water point and is an indication of the location of the devices; Salm is the regional name for salmon ).

Woog fishing for salmon was carried out during the night. Large numbers of fishing gallows were erected at favorable locations on the Upper Rhine between Laufenburg and Basel in the 19th century . Fishing gallows ( French Pêche au carrelet ) are also common on the Atlantic coast of France ( Île Madame ) and various areas of Africa ( Cameroon , Morocco ). There are also fishing gallows in China (see web link) and on the Italian Adriatic . The Trabucchi (sing. Trabucco ) called systems have been there since the 14th century.

The fishing gallows is the younger version of the fish scale, which is already common as medieval fishing gear. A so-called rule scales at the castle fort "Stein" in Rheinfelden is mentioned in a document in 1303. The oldest Swiss document that mentions a fish scales in Basel comes from the year 1333. The first mention of a fishing gallows, however, dates from 1889. In order to be successful with this technique, certain requirements must be met: Before building the barrages to use the Hydropower flowed from the Upper Rhine to Basel much faster. The fish dodged near the shore and bobbed around in the shallow water between the (partly artificially created) gravel banks, for example on the Kleinbasel side. The biologist Daniel Küry quantifies today's fish fauna in the Basel section of the Rhine as 37 species. That is about as many as at the beginning of the 20th century.

The increasing expansion of fishing gallows huts into weatherproof houses and comfortable small weekend houses prompted the Swiss authorities to issue building regulations for fishing gallows in 1942.

literature

  • Max Baumann: Fisherman on the Upper Rhine. On the history of fishing between Säckingen and Basel. Sauerländer, Aarau et al. 1994, ISBN 3-7941-3746-9 . (From: Argovia. 105, 1993)
  • EA Meier: z'Basel am mym Rhy. About ferries and fishing gallows . Birkhäuser, Basel 1971, ISBN 3-7643-0578-9 .
  • L. Müller: Fishing in late medieval Basel . Licentiate thesis. Basel 1989.

See also

Web links

Commons : Fishing gallows  - collection of images, videos and audio files