Flamestalk Bluebell
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The flaming- stick blubber ( Russula rhodopus ) |
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| Zvára |
The flaming- stick blubber ( Russula rhodopus ) is a fungus from the family of the blubber relatives . The Täubling grows in moist spruce forests. He has a blood- to purple-red, very shiny hat that looks as if it was painted. The species rank of this deafblings is not generally recognized.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat 3–12 cm wide and fleshy, convex when young, later depressed and more or less umbilical. The edge remains smooth and curled for a long time. It is often a little lobed, but rarely wavy. The hat skin is 2/3 removable. It is very greasy and shines like a paint job. The hat is colored bright blood to garnet red, in the middle also darker, but it can also be colored yellow in places.
The lamellae are rather crowded, narrow, later pale cream-colored to yellowish. Often they are mixed with numerous shorter intermediate lamellae. The spore powder is a rich cream color to pale ocher yellow.
The stem is 3–8 cm long and 1–2.5 cm wide, cylindrical or club-like, white and tinged with pink to radish red over a large part of the lower half. Only in exceptional cases does it remain white (in f. Leucopoda Singer). The stem base is yellow, but not gray.
The flesh is firm, white and tends to yellow. The smell is slightly fruity. The meat tastes mild at first, then slowly spicy and tends to be bitter. The guaiac reaction is strongly positive, the meat turns almost black, with iron sulfate it turns orange and sulfoformol more or less bluish
Microscopic features
The broadly ellipsoidal spores are 7–9 µm long and 7–8 µm wide. They are covered with burr-like warts 0.5 μm high, which are often strung in chains and finely connected to form an almost complete network. The cystidia are up to 75 (90) µm long and 10–12 µm wide. They are spindle-shaped to cylindrical and appendiculate at the tip.
The cap skin contains many worm-like pileocystids . These are club-shaped, more or less head-shaped or elongated and 6–10 (12) µm wide. The hyphae end cells are sometimes narrowed, blunt or clubbed and 3–4 (6) µm wide. They are highly refractive and more or less strongly gelled, which also explains the lacquer-like sheen of the hat skin.
Species delimitation
- It differs from similar red-capped and sharp-tasting representatives of the Speitäublinge (subsection Emeticinae ) by the cream-ocher-colored spore powder.
- From the weakly stained Täubling through the intense blood red hat color.
- It differs from the other dark- or blood-red-capped species from the sub-section Sanguinae ( Sardoninae ), such as the swamp-deaf and the blood-deaf , by its highly shiny and easily peelable skin and the smaller spores.
ecology
The Flammenstiele bling is like all bling a mycorrhizal fungus that only enters into a symbiosis with conifers and mostly only with spruce . Firs can very rarely also serve as hosts.
The Täubling occurs in spruce-beech, spruce-fir and pure spruce forests as well as spruce forests. As a water-loving (hydrophilic) species, it can also be found on the bog edges of spruce trees. He loves very acidic, humus-rich, medium to deep soils and avoids alkaline, lime-rich or nitrogen-rich locations. He likes loamy to sandy brown soils , podsoles and bog soils .
The fruiting bodies appear from July to October and preferably in August. The species can be found from the lower to the higher mountains.
distribution
The deafbling occurs in North Asia (Siberia), North America (Pacific Northwest) and Europe. In Europe the species is very dispersed sub- medirional to boreal .
In Germany the Täubling is only known from individual sites north of the 51st parallel. It is becoming more and more common in the south. The species is endangered equally by draining swamps, lime and nitrogen fertilization. The species is listed on the German Red List in the hazard category RL2.
Inquiry systematics
Within the Firmae section , the Flammenstiele gauze is placed in the Sanguinae subsection (after Bon ). This subsection combines pungent-tasting pigeons with red to purple hats and cream to ocher-colored spore powder.
literature
- Ewald Gerhart (Ed.): Mushrooms . tape 1 : Lamellar fungi, deafblings, milklings and other groups with lamellae . BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, Munich / Vienna / Zurich 1984, ISBN 3-405-12927-3 , p. 271 .
- Russula rhodopus. In: Russula database. CBS Fungal Biodiversity Center, accessed January 12, 2011 .
- H. Romagnesi: Russula rhodopus. In: Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord (1967). MycoBank, the Fungal website, accessed January 12, 2011 (French).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b German Josef Krieglsteiner (ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 572.
- ↑ a b Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988). (PDF; 1.4 MB) In: English translation by M. Bons Russula key :. The Russulales Website, p. 34 , archived from the original on July 28, 2010 ; Retrieved January 12, 2011 .
- ^ Roger Phillips: Russula rhodopus. (No longer available online.) Rogers Mushrooms, archived from the original on April 2, 2015 ; Retrieved January 12, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Russula rhodopus. Retrieved September 29, 2012 .
- ↑ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Russula rhodopus. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved June 13, 2012 .
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula rhodopoda. (No longer available online.) In: data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015 ; Retrieved August 21, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Russula rhodopoda in the PilzOek database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 21, 2011 .
- ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas | Russula rhodopus. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved May 8, 2012 .
- ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved September 29, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Blood, bile and tears. Blades Part 6 - Sharp Cream Spurs. In: The Tintling . No. 96, 5/2015, pp. 19-30.
Web links
- Spore drawing of Russula rhodopus after H. Romagnesi, (1967), website of the CBS Fungal Biodiversity Center. Retrieved January 12, 2011.
- Synonyms of Russula rhodopus. Index Fungorum, accessed January 12, 2011 .
- Russula rhodopus. In: Russulales News . Russulales News, accessed January 12, 2011 (photo, nomenclature and original Latin diagnosis).
- Flamestalk Bluebell. In: pilzseite.de. Retrieved August 29, 2011 .
- Russula rhodopus. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved on June 2, 2014 (Italian, photos from Flammenstiel-Täubling).
