Spring Spark

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Spring Spark
Spring Spark blossom (Spergula morisonii)

Spring Spark blossom ( Spergula morisonii )

Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Carnation family (Caryophyllaceae)
Subfamily : Paronychioideae
Genre : Spark ( Spergula )
Type : Spring Spark
Scientific name
Spergula morisonii
Boreau

The spring spark ( Spergula morisonii ), also called spring spörgel , is a species of the genus Spark ( Spergula ) within the carnation family (Caryophyllaceae).

description

Illustration from storm
Herbarium evidence
Habitus

Appearance and leaf

The spring spark grows as an annual herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 3 to 50 centimeters. The whole plant is pretty bare. The against-constant and seemingly lively tufted acting by short shoots leaves are linear-subulate and have lower hand, no longitudinal groove.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from April to June. The hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry and five-fold with a double flower envelope. There are five sepals . The five white petals are ovoid, bluntly rounded, cover each other or touch each other and usually shorter than the sepals. There are ten, more rarely six to eight stamens .

The seeds are compressed flat, about 0.4 millimeters wide, finely dotted on the edge and have a wing edge. The wide, radial-grooved wing edge is about half as wide as the middle field.

The basic chromosome number is x = 9; there is diploidy with a chromosome number of 2n = 18.

Similar species

The similar five-male spark ( Spergula pentandra ) has only one circle with five stamens and has pointed petals.

ecology

The spring spark is a summer and winter annual therophyte . He is a shallow root .

It is mostly self-pollinating . The seeds have a wide skin edge and are spread by the wind.

Occurrence

Spergula morisonii is distributed from south-western Europe with northern Spain and northern Portugal and northern Italy to central Europe and southern Scandinavia . To the east the distribution area extends to Russia . You can also find it in North Africa .

In Austria it occurs very rarely and is threatened with extinction; in Switzerland it is completely absent. The spring spark is quite common and mostly common in the sand and heathland areas of northern Germany. To the east and south it can only be found scattered and sporadically and in many places it is completely absent.

The spring spark grows in open sandy lawns , on drifting sand dunes , fallow land and on paths. It thrives best on summer-dry, nutrient and base poor, acidic, humus and fine earth poor, loose sandy soils . In terms of plant sociology , Spergula morisonii is an association character species of the Spergulo-Corynephoretum from the Corynephorion association in Central Europe , but also occurs in societies of the Thero-Airion association.

Taxonomy

The first description of Spergula morisonii was in 1847 by Alexandre Boreau . The specific epithet morisonii honors the Scottish botanist Robert Morison (1620–1683).

literature

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 387.
  2. ↑ a b Spring Spark . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
  3. ↑ a b Karol Marhold, 2011: Caryophyllaceae. : Datasheet Spergula morisonii at Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity .

Web links

Commons : Spring Spark ( Spergula morisonii )  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files