Early sexualization

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Early sexualization is used today as a political catchphrase to criticize “early childhood sex education” . The term comes from psychology, but is outdated there. It was introduced in 1926 by Werner Villinger . In its current form, the term came up with the social tabooing of sexuality in the middle of the 20th century and is used by critics who are completely or partially against sex education for children or young people .

The term has been used more and more again since 2014. Social movements in the right-wing , conservative and right-wing populist spectrum use it to protest against the flexibilization and liberalization of the two-part, i.e. H. heteronormative gender roles. Since these are, in the eyes of the critics, an indispensable basis for the bourgeois social order (including marriage and the bourgeois family ), this is perceived as a “danger for the immediate area” and for society as a whole.

Use as a political battle term

Context pedophilia

According to Katrin M. Kämpf, the phenomenon of early sexualization has been linked to pedophilia according to Christian conservative views since the 1970s . So did Christa Meves seen an increase of pedophile assaults to her on the '68 movement trace back and undertaken by them Frühsexualisierung of children who in turn pedophile subsequently perpetrators would. To this day, she has published on Christian-conservative platforms, for example on Freie-welt.net, in which she creates a connection between sex education in school and pedophilia under the keyword early sexualization.

In neo-Nazi discourses on pedophilia, which are increasingly being used for mobilization, early sexualization is also seen as a goal of state education and is associated with this topic. The groups that act accordingly argue against early sexualization, sexualization of the whole of society and gender mainstreaming .

Discussions about the education plans in the German federal states since 2014

The term in this form was mainly coined in connection with the discussions about the new education plan in Baden-Württemberg and used there at the “Demo for Everyone” as a catchphrase against changes to the content of sex lessons. In the beginning, they turned against the plans of the green-red state government to anchor the acceptance of sexual diversity in the curricula.

The association “Worried Parents”, which works together with the “Demo for All” but is not congruent, has been running a blog since 2013, in which it informs interested parties about the topics of early sexualization, sex education, genderism and sexualization. In terms of their name, colors and slogans, they are based on French demonstrations with similar content. Imke Schmincke sees a network of different people who organize the demos and the related structures. These are to be located in the Christian fundamentalist and conservative to right-wing extremist context.

Political Discourse in Switzerland

As part of the discussion about sex education for children, a range of teaching materials for sex education in Switzerland sparked a political debate that went as far as the submission of a popular initiative . In this initiative, conservative circles called for the minimum age for sex education to be set in the constitution. Opponents argued that not taking these classes would increase the risk of children becoming victims of sexual violence or pedophilia.

rating

The social scientist Heinz-Jürgen Voss sees the fact that the term is not only used by political opponents of the plans in the various federal states, but also in the Lower Saxony state parliament, as "a point win for right-wing populist and right-wing conservative circles".

He draws attention to the fact that the debate in the sex sciences has been dealing with the developing sexuality of children and adolescents according to age for decades and that the responsible educators must be trained for this purpose. In an article in Die Presse, Bernadette Bayrhammer and Christine Imlinger take the position that sexuality must be dealt with in kindergarten, and show that the topic has been part of Austria's kindergarten education plan since 1975. Both Olaf Kapella and Heinz-Jürgen Voss argue that such an early treatment of sexuality, which takes up and answers children's questions, can actively protect against sexual abuse.

literature

  • Heinz-Jürgen Voss : If right-wing populist circles win: On the debates about sex education and anti-discrimination. 2014 https://dasendedessex.de/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Wenn-rechtpopulistische-Kreise-gewinnen-Sexualpaedagogik-Antidiskriminierung.pdf
  • Imke Schmincke: The child as a code of political disputes using the example of new conservative protest movements in France and Germany. In: Sabine Hark , Paula-Irene Villa (ed.): Anti-Genderism: Sexuality and Gender as the Scene of Current Political Disputes, Bielefeld 2016, pp. 93-108.
  • Jutta Hartmann: Doing Heteronormativity? How heteronormativity works in the field of education . In: Karim Fereidooni, Antonietta P. Zeoli (eds.): Managing Diversity. The diversity-conscious orientation of the educational and cultural system, the economy and administration . Wiesbaden 2016, pp. 105-136.
  • Jasmine Siri : Paradoxes of Conservative Protest. The example of the movements against equality in the FRG. In: Sabine Hark, Paula-Irene Villa (ed.): Anti-Genderism. Sexuality and gender as sites of current political disputes . Bielefeld 2016. pp. 239–255.
  • Ina-Maria Philipps, Ulrike Schmauch, Uwe Sielert, Karlheinz Valtl, Joachim Walter: Campaigns against emancipatory sexual education. Statement from the Scientific Advisory Board of the Institute for Sex Education Dortmund (isp). In: Journal for Sexual Research . Volume 29, No. 01, 2016, pp. 73-89.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Jutta Hartmann: Doing Heteronormativity? How heteronormativity works in the field of education . In: Karim Fereidooni, Antonietta P. Zeoli (eds.): Managing Diversity. The diversity-conscious orientation of the educational and cultural system, the economy and administration . Wiesbaden 2016, p. 124 .
  2. ^ Journal for Child Research . J. Springer, 1926 ( google.de [accessed February 5, 2018]).
  3. ↑ Google Ngram Viewer. In: Term “early sexualization” in books on Google Books from 1800–2008. Retrieved July 12, 2017 .
  4. ↑ Jürgen Kocka: The European pattern and the German case . In: Jürgen Kocka (ed.): Bourgeoisie in the 19th century. Germany in a European comparison. European unity and diversity . Göttingen 1995, p. 9–75, here 29 f .
  5. ↑ Jasmine Siri: Paradoxes of Conservative Protests. The example of the movements against equality in the FRG . In: Sabine Hark, Paula-Irene Villa (ed.): Anti-Genderism. Sexuality and gender as sites of current political disputes . Bielefeld 2016, ISBN 978-3-8376-3144-9 , pp. 251 .
  6. ↑ a b c Heinz-Jürgen Voß : When right-wing populist circles win: On the debates about sex education and anti-discrimination . ( dasendedessex.de [PDF]).
  7. ^ Ina-Maria Philipps, Ulrike Schmauch, Uwe Sielert, Karlheinz Valtl, Joachim Walter: Campaigns against emancipatory sexual education. Statement from the Scientific Advisory Board of the Institute for Sex Education Dortmund (isp) . In: Journal for Sexual Research . tape 29 , no. 01 , 2016, p. 73-89 .
  8. ↑ Imke Schmincke: The child as a code of political debate using the example of new conservative protest movements in France and Germany . In: Sabine Hark, Paula-Irene Villa (ed.): Anti-Genderism. Sexuality and gender as sites of current political disputes . Bielefeld 2016, p. 96 ff .
  9. ↑ Katrin M. Kämpf: The Pandora's Box - Pedophilia in 'antigenic' discourse fields: “Death penalty for child molesters” - neo-Nazi negotiations of sexualised violence against children. In: Sabine Hark, Paula-Irene Villa (ed.): Anti-Genderism: Sexuality and gender as the scene of current political disputes, pp. 109–128, here: p. 114.
  10. ↑ Katrin M. Kämpf: The Pandora's Box - Pedophilia in 'antigenic' discourse fields: “Death penalty for child molesters” - neo-Nazi negotiations of sexualised violence against children. In: Sabine Hark, Paula-Irene Villa (ed.): Anti-Genderism: Sexuality and gender as the scene of current political disputes, pp. 109–128, here: p. 113.
  11. ↑ Joseph Kelnberger: Demos against equality of sexual minorities: It is emotional in Stuttgart. In: sueddeutsche.de. June 22, 2015, accessed March 23, 2016 .
  12. ^ Imke Schmincke: The child as a code of political conflicts using the example of new conservative protest movements in France and Germany. In: Sabine Hark, Paula-Irene Villa (ed.): Anti-Genderism: Sexuality and gender as a scene of current political disputes, pp. 93-108, here: p. 96.
  13. ↑ "The initiative supports pedophilia!" In: Tages-Anzeiger online. March 4, 2015, accessed March 25, 2016 .
  14. ↑ Bernadette Bayrhammer, Christine Imlinger: Kindergarten: “The subject of sexuality is there anyway”. In: The press. November 3, 2014, accessed March 23, 2016 .