Sex education

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This article or paragraph presents the situation in Germany . Help us to describe the situation in other countries.

Sex education in 1930. Men on horseback run towards a Madonna on a mountain (interspersed with images of sperm). A man on horseback arrives.
A postcard from the early 20th century illustrates the problem of unwanted pregnancy
Obelisk in Buenos Aires ( Argentina ), decorated as a condom on the occasion of World AIDS Day 2005

Sexual education or sex education is the passing on of information about sexuality to children , adolescents or adults , which leads to a view of human sexuality that is felt to be sufficient at the time . If sexual education takes place in an active and targeted manner, it is usually with the intention of leading its recipient to a form of exercise of the innate sex drive that is perceived as correct in the respective culture and in its prevailing sexual morality .

Content

Sex education essentially relates to the following topics:

Young people need space for their sexual development and go through a conflict-ridden process of detachment in the family. They argue with their parents about sexual freedoms and developments that they can mutually accept. The childhood at home is coming to an end and they are looking for a new male or female role . During puberty, many adolescents experience a physical attraction to their own gender without being homosexual . There are new and unsettling experiences and sensations such as excitement, fears, specific wishes and longings, first infatuation with careful approaches, tenderness and first sexual contacts. Girls and boys experience the changes in their bodies during puberty, the first rule, the ups and downs of feelings between euphoria and depression, cautious crushes and the discovery of pleasure in one's own body, sexual fantasies and masturbation . Without age-appropriate information, all of this represents a great deal of uncertainty.

In primary schools, sex education usually takes place as part of the subject matter class , in higher schools it usually takes place as part of the biology class .

historical development

In the 1950s, human sexuality was still a public taboo subject . For example, pictures in school books usually showed people as sexless beings. Women's sexuality has been directly linked to marriage , pregnancy and motherhood . Women who became pregnant without being married were socially ostracized.

In the 1960s and 70s, among other things, the birth control pill and the lifting of the abortion ban led to a counter-movement, the so-called sex wave . The student movement propagated free love according to the motto: “Make love was not! "

The Social Democratic Federal Minister of Health Käte Strobel published the first sex education atlas , publicly advocated taking the birth control pill and was also responsible for the first educational film Helga (1967).

This was followed by educational films by the self-proclaimed educator of the nation, Oswalt Kolle, as well as the schoolgirl report series of sex films . Little by little, sex education also made its way into schools in the Federal Republic of Germany.

In the youth magazine Bravo with its Dr.-Sommer editorial team, Martin Goldstein wrote under the pseudonyms Dr. Jochen Sommer and Dr. Alexander Korff from 1969 to 1984 in the rubric “What Moves You” answers to questions asked by students about sexuality. Siegfried Schnabl wrote numerous educational books in the GDR .

Well-known persons of the sex education in the 20th century were furthermore Beate Uhse , Shere Hite (with the Hite Report), Masters and Johnson and Alfred Charles Kinsey with the Kinsey-Report .

Situation today

Today sex education is hardly a taboo subject anymore . The sex education as part of the science of man 's social education a mandatory and integral part of the school subject biology.

When providing information, the focus is often on dangers and risks (such as unwanted pregnancy, venereal diseases and sexual assault ).

Early Childhood Sex Education Under Criticism

In 2014 a public discourse began in Germany about the age (in the opinion of critics: too early) children and young people about which details can or should be informed. The "early childhood sex education " is defamed with the help of the political battle term " early sexualization ". Social movements in the right-wing , conservative and right-wing populist political spectrum use the term to protest against the flexibilization and liberalization of the two-part, ie heteronormative gender roles. Since these are an indispensable basis for the bourgeois social order (including marriage and the bourgeois family ), this is perceived as a “danger for the immediate area” and for society as a whole.

HIV / AIDS

Sex education is an essential element in the fight against HIV / AIDS, especially among illiterate people in developing countries. Total Control of the Epidemic is a nationwide campaign by the non-governmental organization Humana People to People to educate the rural population in undeveloped areas in particular. In visits by trained locals, "field officers", from house to house and workplace to workplace for three years each, 300,000 people in Zimbabwe , 200,000 in Mozambique , 900,000 in Botswana and 100,000 in South Africa have been reached since the beginning of 2000 , a total of 4 at the end of 2006 , 8 million people in 50 areas of southern Africa. Further areas in Namibia , Angola , Zambia and India are in the works.

See also

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ schule.de
  2. ↑ SZ-Magazin 49/2014: Main tasks. - Orgasm in elementary school, anal sex in middle school - what do students need to know about?
  3. ↑ spiegel.de November 13, 2014: Interview with Elisabeth Tuider
  4. ↑ spiegel.de: Sexual diversity in the curriculum: Green-Red throws off gay opponents
  5. ↑ a b Jutta Hartmann: Doing Heteronormativity? How heteronormativity works in the field of education . In: Karim Fereidooni, Antonietta P. Zeoli (eds.): Managing Diversity. The diversity-conscious orientation of the educational and cultural system, the economy and administration . Wiesbaden 2016, p. 124 .
  6. ↑ Jürgen Kocka: The European pattern and the German case . In: Jürgen Kocka (ed.): Bourgeoisie in the 19th century. Germany in a European comparison. European unity and diversity . Göttingen 1995, p. 9–75, here 29 f .
  7. ↑ Jasmine Siri: Paradoxes of Conservative Protests. The example of the movements against equality in the FRG . In: Sabine Hark, Paula-Irene Villa (ed.): Anti-Genderism. Sexuality and gender as sites of current political disputes . Bielefeld 2016, ISBN 978-3-8376-3144-9 , pp. 251 .
  8. ↑ Heinz-Jürgen Voss : When right-wing populist circles win: On the debates about sex education and anti-discrimination . ( dasendedessex.de [PDF]).
  9. ^ Ina-Maria Philipps, Ulrike Schmauch, Uwe Sielert, Karlheinz Valtl, Joachim Walter: Campaigns against emancipatory sexual education. Statement from the Scientific Advisory Board of the Institute for Sex Education Dortmund (isp) . In: Journal for Sexual Research . tape 29 , no. 01 , 2016, p. 73-89 .
  10. ↑ Imke Schmincke: The child as a code of political debate using the example of new conservative protest movements in France and Germany . In: Sabine Hark, Paula-Irene Villa (ed.): Anti-Genderism. Sexuality and gender as sites of current political disputes . Bielefeld 2016, p. 96 ff .
  11. ↑ Introduction to TCE ( Memento of the original from September 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cicd-volunteerinafrica.org