Franz Max Albert Kramer

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Franz Max Albert Kramer , called Franz Kramer (born April 24, 1878 in Breslau , † June 29, 1967 in Bilthoven , Netherlands ), was a German university professor , psychiatrist and neurologist .

Life

Franz Kramer grew up in an educated, liberal Jewish family. The late father Julius Kramer was a grain merchant in Breslau . From 1884 to 1896 Kramer attended the Maria-Magdalenen-Gymnasium in Breslau and then studied medicine at the university in his hometown . In 1901 he passed the exam and received the approval , in 1902 received his doctorate he at Carl Wernicke Dr. med. In the same year he published his first work on muscular dystrophy and trauma and entered professional life as an assistant doctor under Wernicke at the University Polyclinic for Nervous Disorders in Breslau. In 1904 Karl Bonhoeffer took over the clinic in Breslau. Under him , Kramer completed his habilitation in 1907, he became a private lecturer at the University of Breslau. Between 1903 and 1905 Kramer worked with Ferdinand Sauerbruch in Breslau , and Kramer also came into contact with Otfried Foerster , who was also a student at Magdalenen High School and a neurologist. When Bonhoeffer was appointed director of the Clinic for Mental and Nervous Diseases in Berlin at the Charité in 1912 , he took Kramer with him.

The following years were politically turbulent and marked by catastrophes. The cruel effects of the war of 1914–1918 were also particularly evident in the area of ​​mental and nervous diseases. Kramer was responsible for the men's nerve ward and the men's polyclinic. In 1921 Bonhoeffer made him head of the newly created child, sick and observation ward , the third child and youth psychiatric facility in Germany. In the same year he was appointed associate professor at the Medical Faculty of the University of Berlin . Kramer advised the Criminal Law Commission of the German Reichstag as an expert , and he was called abroad for consultations as a specialist. But the focus of his work was on children and young people.

Kramer, who in the meantime had become senior physician and deputy of Bonhoeffer at the Charité, lost his teaching license in 1933 due to the so-called law for the restoration of the civil service due to his Jewish origin, and in 1935 he had to leave his position at the Charité. Until 1938 he continued his private neurological practice, which he had set up in the twenties, in the west of Berlin. Kramer tried in vain for a professorship in Istanbul or North America; Only when he was about to be withdrawn from his license to practice medicine, like all other Jewish doctors, in August 1938, the now sixty-year-old Kramer emigrated to the Netherlands with the support of Bonhoeffer and Sauerbruch and practiced again as a resident neurologist. After the occupation of Holland by the German Wehrmacht, he managed to survive until the end of the war, despite his Jewish ID.

Services

In 1932, together with the assistant doctor Hans Pollnow , Franz Kramer reported in a well-noticed study about a hyperkinetic disease in childhood in the monthly journal for psychiatry and neurology about a syndrome later named after them as Kramer-Pollnow syndrome, which today is a form of attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder is attributed. In 1954 the first chair for child and adolescent psychiatry was established in Marburg by Hermann Stutte . On the death of Franz Kramer he said: "European child psychiatry has every reason to remember this pioneer, who was prevented from continuing his scientific work due to the apocalyptic circumstances and who was also denied due recognition, with admiration and gratitude." In 2003 there is the Kramer Pollnow Prize (KPP; German Research Prize for Biological Child and Adolescent Psychiatry ), which is awarded every two years.

Publications

Some examples from more than 50 publications:

  • Electrical sensitivity tests using capacitor discharges . Habilitation thesis, Breslau 1907.
  • Spinal injuries and hysterical paralysis . In: Berliner Klinische Wochenschrift , Berlin, 49: 138, 1912.
  • Gunshot wounds to peripheral nerves . In: Monthly for Psychiatry and Neurology , 39: 11-7, 1916.
  • Psychiatr. Disposition and delinquency in adolescence . In: Zeitschrift für Kinderforschung , 162: 5-15, 1920.
  • Symptomatology of peripheral paralysis based on observations of war injuries . Karger, Berlin 1922.
  • Contribution to the doctrine of alexia and amnesiac aphasia . In: Monthly for Psychiatry and Neurology , 67: 346–360.
  • Psychopathic constitutions and organic brain diseases as causes of educational difficulties . In: Zeitschrift für Kinderforschung , 41: 306–322, 1933.
  • About a motor disease in childhood . In: Monthly Journal of Psychiatry and Neurology , 99: 294-300, 1938.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Aribert Rothenberger, Klaus-Jürgen Neumärker: The history of science of ADHD - Kramer-Pollnow in the mirror of time. Steinkopff, Darmstadt 2005, ISBN 3-7985-1552-2 , p. 79 ff.
  2. ↑ Karl Max Einhäupl, Detlef Ganten, Jakob Hein: 300 years of Charité - as reflected in their institutes. Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-11-020256-4 , p. 79.
  3. ^ Johanna Bleker, Volker Hess: The Charité. Story (s) of a hospital. Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-05-004525-2 , p. 167 ff.
  4. ↑ Berliner Addreßbuch 1925, part I, p. 1643. Berliner Addreßbuch 1932, part I, p. 1711. Berliner Addreßbuch 1935, part I, p. 1410.
  5. ^ Gerhardt Nissen: Cultural history of mental disorders in children and adolescents. Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-608-94104-5 , p. 474.
personal data
SURNAME Kramer, Franz Max Albert
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Kramer, Franz
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German psychiatrist and neurologist
DATE OF BIRTH April 24, 1878
PLACE OF BIRTH Wroclaw
DATE OF DEATH June 29, 1967
Place of death Bilthoven , Netherlands